Isolation of AIDS-related viruses from African Primates

1.自从HIV-1和HIV-2作为艾滋病的病原体被发现以来，人们一直致力于了解HIV的起源和进化历史。HIV-1和HIV-2与灵长类慢病毒(SIV)密切相关。在这个项目中，我们研究了相关的非人类灵长类慢病毒的多样性，并推测了艾滋病毒在非洲的起源。在这三年中，我们集中于阐明喀麦隆HIV的分子流行病学，评估混合感染和重组的发生率。2.1994年和1995年从喀麦隆AC、ARC和艾滋病患者那里获得了48例HIV(47例HIV-1，1例HIV-2)。通过套式聚合酶链式反应扩增了适合于比较所有HIV相关慢病毒组的部分Pol区和包括V3环在内的部分HIV-1包膜区，并进行了序列测定和系统发育分析。3.喀麦隆HIV-1的大部分属于A分支(32)，但其余的属于不同的分支：B分支(2)、C分支(2)、D分支(2)、E分支(1)、F分支(4)和O群(4)。在POL分析中，在4个个体(HIV-2a和HIV-1分支A，HIV-1群O和分支A，分支A和分支C，分支C和分支F)中发现了两种不同的类型，这表明HIV-1不同亚型或群的双重感染。4.在分析的标本中，HIV-1不同分支之间、HIV-1和HIV-2之间、甚至HIV-1群O和M之间的混合感染的频率相当高(约10%)。一些数据表明HIV-1 M组不同分支之间的重组也被获得。因此，基于Pol区和env区的系统发育分析为理解HIV的系统发育提供了新的视角。

1.Since the discovery of HIV-1 and HIV-2 as causative agents of AIDS,efforts have been directed towards understanding the origins and evolutionary history of HIV.HIV-1 and HIV-2 are closely related to primate lentiviruses (SIV). In this project, we have studied the diversity of related nonhuman primate lentiviruses and speculated on the origins of HIV in Africa. In this 3 years, we concentrated to clarify the molecular epidemiology of HIV in Cameroon and to assess the incidence of mixed-infection and recombination.2.Forty eight HIV (47 HIV-1, one HIV-2) were obtained from Cameroonian AC,ARC and AIDS patients in 1994 and 1995. Part of the pol region suitable for comparing all the groups of HIV-related lentiviruses and part of the HIV-1 env region including the V3 loop were amplified by nested PCR,sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed.3.The majority of Cameroonian HIV-1s belonged to clade A (32), but the rest belonged to various clades : clade B (2), clade C (2), Clade D (2), clade E (1), Clade F (4) and group O (4). In the pol analysis, two different types were found in four individuals (HIV-2a and HIV-1 clade A,HIV-1 group O and clade A,clades A and C,and clades C and F), suggesting double infections with different HIV-1 subtypes or groups.4.Various mixed-infection such as between different clades of HIV-1 group M,between HIV-1 and HIV-2, and even between HIV-1 groups O and M were confirmed at a rather high frequency (around 10%) in the analyzed specimens. Some of the data suggested recombination between different clades of HIV-1 group M were also obtained. Thus phylogenetic analysis based on the pol and env regions provided a new insight to the understanding of HIV phylogeny.