Local Economv and Social Change in East Africa

我们对东非牧民和农民的研究侧重于通过对生存模式、社会组织、信贷财产交换和价值体系的分析，阐明社会的特征和lcoal社区的复杂性。过去的研究有助于我们在生态学和文化学的框架内理解传统的生活方式。然而，20世纪70年代的生态灾难使政府转向大规模的外国援助，通过增加牲畜，农业产量和市场化来积极实现区域经济的现代化。这种发展政策阻碍了传统的畜牧业和游牧农业的生存模式，其结果是，自治的地方经济和通过信贷进行的买卖被瓦解。当地社区的基本结构处于危险之中。这是传统与现代冲突的问题，但我们迫切需要认识传统与现代的冲突， ...更多信息 国家性别平等是一个充满活力的社会经济进程，并探索植根于地方传统的内在发展潜力。研究结果表明：1.通过对传统的农牧生计的研究，以及对与区域经济相关的社会动力学的分析，使我们认识到区域经济是由生产者、中间商、2.通过对两个地区经济转型过程的比较，明确了两个地区的社会经济转型过程，经济机制的变化，更好地了解生存模式的差异，以及目前的各种内生发展模式。3.农业社会的研究，位于高地，阐明了每个社会对共同问题的内在文化反应和适应战略，人口压力等因素的影响。社区社交网络和中间商的商业活动使我们无法理解区域经济的复杂性及其维持系统为将其纳入国民经济提供了模式。少

Our studies on East African pastoralists and farmers have focused on clarifying the characteristics of the societies and the complexity of the lcoal communities through an analysis of subsistence patterns, social organization, exchange of property by credit, and value systems. The past studies have helped us understand the traditional life style within the framework of ecology and culture. However, the ecological disasters in the 1970's have made governments turn to massive foreign aid to aggressively modernize the regional economy by increasing livestock, farm output and marketization. The traditional subsistence patterns of pastoralism and awidden agriculture are discouraged by such development policies.The result has been the disintegration of the autonomous local economy and taditional transaction by credit. The basic structure of the local community is at risk. This is the problem of conflict between tradition and modernization, but what is urgently needed is to understand the cha … More nge as a dynamic socio-economic process and to explore the potential for endogenous development rooted in local tradition. The following results have been aquired.1.Studying the traditional pastoral and agricultural subsistences, and analyziing social dynamics in relation to the regional economy, enabled us to understand the regional economy, consisting of producers, intermediary merchants, and the market.2.Comparison of the transformation processes of the local economy of the both spheres helped identify the socio-economic mechanisms of change with and better understand the differences in subsistence patterns, as well as present models for various endogenous development.3.The research of the agricultural societies, located in highlands, clarified the endogenous cultural responses and adaptation strategies developed by each of the societies to common problem, such as population pressure.4.Analysis of the inter-community social networks and commercial activities of the intermediary merchants unabled us to understand the complexity of the regional economy and its maintenance system as well as provide models for their incorporation into national economy. Less