Ethnological Study of Ainu Materials at Museums of St.Peterburg

1.背景近十年来，欧美的海外博物馆对阿伊努人的物质文化进行了两次普查。我们在俄罗斯的调查是全球阿伊努人研究的第三个，也是最后一个主要部分。目的：我们调查的目的在于了解俄语中含有什么样的阿伊努人材料。作为第一个博物馆，我们选择了圣彼得堡的彼得人类学和民族学大博物馆(简称：昆斯特卡梅拉)。调查这项工作被传达为日俄联合调查。它包括每一种材料的照片、测量和绘图，并将它们与登记表进行核对。结果)MAE从1826年到1947年收集了26份阿伊努人民族学材料。据估计，来自千岛群岛、库页岛和北海道的物品总数约为1400件。最大的藏品是B.Pilsuskii(第700号)，B.Pilsuskii和Seroshevskii(第839号)。b)俄罗斯的Ainu材料宝库，直到我们的调查出现在对Ainu文化感兴趣的人面前。c)Sakhalin-Ainu材料的遗弃为研究这一当地群体提供了一般的可能性。d)MAE材料与欧洲和美国的其他海外材料一起可能有助于Ainu文化研究的发展，因为它们可以填补该领域现有的弱点和真空。结果介绍)1996年4月和1997年3月分别举行了两次公开研讨会。b)计划于1997年10月出版“彼得·彼得的阿伊努人文集”。

1. BackgroundIn the last decade two general surveys were made of Ainu material culture at overseas museums in Europe and United States. Our survey in Russia consists the third, and the last major part in Ainu study in grobal level.2. AimThe aim of our survey lies in what kinds of Ainu material are contained in Russian. As the first museum we took the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) in St.Peterburg (in short MAE).3. InvestigationThe work was conveyed as Japanese-Russian joint survey. It consisted in photo, measurement and drawing of every material, collating them withthe registry.4. Resultsa) MAE has 26 collections of Ainu ethnological materials from 1826 to 1947. Total number of items is estimated roughly 1400 from Kurils, Sakhalin and Hokkaido. The biggest collections are of B.Pilsudskii (No.700), of B.Pilsudskii and Seroshevskii (No.839).b) A treasury of Ainu material in Russia that has been unknown untill our survey made its appearance to those who are interested in Ainu culture.c) The abandance of Sakhalin-Ainu material provides a possibility for the study of this local group in general.d) MAE materials with the other overseas in Europe and United States may contribute to develop the Ainu culture study, as they can fill the existing weakness and vacuum of this field.5. Presentation of the resulta) Two public symposiums were held in April, 1996 and in March, 1997.b) Publishing "Ainu Collections of Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography" is scheduled in October 1997.