Study on Urban Growth and International Tourism in Turkey

对于土耳其和其他地中海国家来说，国际旅游业是无形进出口的重要资源。20世纪80年代后半期以来，土耳其政府积极推动爱琴海和地中海沿岸地区的旅游开发项目，通过对安塔利亚及其周边城镇的观察，探讨了国际旅游快速增长下的城市发展与转型。安塔利亚不仅因其气候、历史遗产和自然环境，而且因其旅游投资潜力，一直是旅游业公共项目和私人投资的焦点。自20世纪80年代中期以来，新兴的大众旅游实际上使安塔利亚成为海外游客，特别是来自德国的游客的主要目的地。然而，自1993年以来，来自独联体的游客迅速增加，特别是在黑海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，安塔利亚已成为土耳其增长最快的城市之一。安塔利亚的人口从1980年的19万人增加到1995年的约50万人。包括游客在内，其夏季人口估计为100万。最近，大部分游客都是作为各种旅行团的成员来的，这些旅行团是由土耳其旅行社在外国进行的。这意味着土耳其旅游业作为国际旅游网络的一部分正在迅速发展，这种快速增长的国际旅游业不仅带来了城市规划能力与实际增长不平衡的新的城市问题，而且在不久的将来也会带来环境问题。

For Turkey as well as the other mediterranean countries, international tourism is an important resources of invisible exports and imports. Turkish Government enthusiastically promotes tourism development projects in Aegean and Mediterranean coastal areas since the latter half of 1980s.Dynamic urban developments and transformation under the rapid growth of international tourism are examined through some observations on Antalya and its surrounding towns. Due to not only its climate, historical heritage and natural environment, but also tourism investment possibilities, Antalya has been the focus of public projects as well as of private investment in tourism sector.Emerging mass tourism since the mid-1980s has actually made Antalya the major destination for oversea visitors, especially from Germany. However the tourists from CIS are increasing rapidly since 1993, especially in the Blacksea coastal areas. Under these circumstances, Antalya has become ranked as the one of the most rapidly growing cities in Turkey. The population of Antalya is growing from 190,000 in 1980 to about 500,000 in 1995. Its population of summer is estimated as a milliom including tourists.Recently major part of tourists are coming as members of various packagetours, and those tour-pacages are conducted by Turkish tour-operators in foreign coutries. It means that the Turkish tourism industries are growing rapdly as the international network.Such rapid growth of international tourism causes not only new urban problems of imbalance between the capacity of urban planning and actual urban growth, but also environmental problems in near future.