Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment (MCTEX)

众所周知，在澳大利亚季风到来之前，梅尔维尔岛上空高达17公里的巨大云层会发展成强烈的雨和雷鸣。海洋-大陆试验(MCTEX)是在1995年11月和12月进行的，主要研究云的组织机制。我们参与的小组与澳大利亚气象局密切合作，使用他们操作的多普勒雷达发射了14个新开发的视频探空仪。当赫克托云形成时，极强的暴雨和阵风袭击了空间站半个小时，随后中雨持续了2个小时。观测到赫克托云前有强烈的回波，云低层有直径达9毫米的大雨滴，在冰层附近有许多冰冻的雨滴(冰雹)。探空仪上升到厚厚的层状云中发送了大量冰的图像，地面电场呈现修正的波型，在-10ﾟC到-30ﾟC之间的层中有较高的带电。推测云前的水滴再循环是形成大雨滴和冻结水滴的必要条件，新的冰粒必须在重力碰撞的过程中被抛出。

It is well known that huge clouds as high as 17 km seen over the Island of Melville before the Australian Monsoon develop into intense rain and thunder. The Maritime-Continent Experiment (MCTEX) was conducted in the months of Movember and December 1995 to study mainly the mechanism of cloud organization. Our group participated in the project launched 14 newly developed videosondes in close collaboration with the Bureau of Meteorology of Australia in using the doppler radar operated by them.When Hector cloud developed, very strong rainfall with gusty wind hit the station for half an hour, followed by moderate rain for 2 hours. The intense echo in front of the Hector cloud, large raindrops as large as 9 mm in diameter at the lower level of the cloud, and many frozen drops (hail) around freezing level were observed. The videosondes ascent into the thick layred cloud sent images of enormous number of ice.The surface electric field shows modified wave pattern, and the high electrification is found in the layr between -10ﾟC and -30ﾟC.It is supposed that drop recirculation in front of the cloud is necessary to grow large raindrops and frozen drops and that new ice particles must be ejected in the process of collision between graupel.