Comparative study of basic design of central nervous system

(1)在小龙虾中，调节眼柄在恒定位置上的代补性运动与空间相关，是由接收本体感受输入以及视觉和地理策略输入的非尖突巨大中间神经元以冗余方式介导的（Yamaguchi）。(2)发现昆虫蘑菇体的结构特征与脊椎动物大脑皮层的模块化结构相似（Mizunami）。(3)家蚕（Kanzaki）在信息素介导的行走过程中，脑内产生的翻转活动与之字形转弯指令相关。(4)在日本鹌鹑雏鸟中，睾丸激素作用于大脑的背内侧被盖区，雏鸟的叫声转变为求救叫声（Aoki）。(5)分析了石钻和侧钻段塞在发育过程中中枢神经系统的结构变化（Kuwasawa）。(6)大马哈鱼嗅球中二尖瓣细胞和颗粒细胞之间的突触存在长时程增强现象。(7)从各种动物（腔肠动物、环节动物、软体动物等）中分离到约80种生物活性肽，并对其结构和作用进行了比较分析和讨论（Muneoka）。(8)针对蛙视顶盖特征检测的神经机制，通过分析电刺激视神经诱发的场电位，阐明了视顶盖突触电位的时空感受野和神经元组织（Matsunoto）。(9)学习实验表明，胡蜂能够较好地记忆取食区域的总体地理和空间特征，并通过预测导航（Toh）确定取食区域的方位。（10）鉴定并鉴定了不同类型的感受器，包括成年萤火虫，Lucicola cruciata （Tominaga）的触角上的湿感感受器。（11）研究发现，在大水螅中，神经环对摄食行为的调节作用并不重要，而是对摄食行为的抑制作用（Koizumi）。少

(1) In the crayfish, compensatory movements for mediating the eyestalk in a constant position with reference to space are mediated in a redundant fashion by nonspiking giant interneurons which receive proprioceptive inputs as well as visual and geotactic inputs (Yamaguchi). (2) It was found that the structural characteristics of the mushroom body in insects is similar to those of modular structure found in the cerebral cortex of vertebrates (Mizunami). (3) The flip-flopping activity generated in the brain is correlated with the instruction of the zigzag turning during the pheromone-mediated walking of Bombyx mori (Kanzaki). (4) In Japanese quail chicks, the chick crowing changed to the distress call by application of testosterone to the dorso-medial tegmental area in the brain (Aoki). (5) In the chiton and side-gilled slug, the structural changes of CNS during development were analyzed (Kuwasawa). (6) Long-term potentiation was found in the synapses between mitral cells and granule cel … More ls in the olfactory bulb of salmon (Satou). (7) About 80 bioactive peptides were isolated from various animals (coelenterates, annelids, molluscs, etc.) and their structure and action were analyzed and discussed in the comparative aspects (Muneoka). (8) Relating to the neural mechanism of feature detection in the optic tectum of frog, the spatio-temporal receptive fields of synaptic potentials and the neuronal organization in the optic tectum were elucidated by analyzing the field potentials evoked by electrical stimulation to the optic nerve (Matsunoto). (9) Learning experiments showed that the wasp memorizes easily the total geography and spatial characters of feeding area in detail, and orients the feeding area by using a predicted navigation (Toh). (10) Various types of sensilla including hygroreceptive sensilla on the antenna of the adult firefly, Lucicola cruciata were identified and characterized (Tominaga). (11) It was found that in Hydra magnipopillata, the nerve ring is not essential not for mediating the feeding behavior, but rather for inhibiting the feeding behavior as a result of the plenitude (Koizumi). Less