COMPREHENSIVE STUDIES ON DESIGNING OF FINE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INTERFACES

这项工作的目的是阐明分子组装、聚合物、细颗粒和复合材料体系中每个界面的自组织结构和功能，并提取每个体系共有的科学和技术基础。1.精细结构形成及其功能：(1)分子组装体系；阐明了两亲性分子体系的分子组装形成机理。通过对无机超细粒子的形成、蛋白质的分离、酶反应和对映体识别等方面的研究，阐明了反胶束和囊泡等分子组装的功能。(2)聚合物体系：阐述了反应和蒸发诱导的精细结构的形成过程和聚合物网络结构。我们还研究了聚合物薄膜的分离能力、膜中不均匀结构的形成以及聚合物粒子的形成过程。(3)细粒子体系：实验研究了溶液中粒子附近的结构和粒子间的相互作用，并从理论上阐明了短距离和超长距离相互作用的起源。并借助计算机模拟，阐明了电场和剪切场诱导的微细颗粒的有序性。(4)复合材料体系；颗粒的渗流结构、电镀过程中的晶体生长过程以及蛋白质表面糖的无定形结构。2.精细结构形成的共同基础：提取了整合精细结构形成的唯象方法论，并提出了这项工作的未来发展方向--分子和粒子构造学。

The aims of this work are to elucidate the self-organized structure and the functions of the interfaces in each system of molecular assemblies, polymers, fine particles and composite materials, and also to extract the scientific and technological bases common to each system.1.Fine structure formation and its functions : (1) Molecular assemblies systems ; The mechanism of molecular assemblies formation was elucidated for amphiphilic molecular systems. The functions of the molecular assemblies such as reversed micelles and vesicles were also elucidated by focussing on inorganic ultrafine particle formation, protein separations, enzymatic reactions and enantio-recognition. (2) Polymer systems ; The processes of reaction-and evaporation-induced fine structure formation and the structure of polymer-networks were elucidated. We also studied the separation abilities of polymer thin membranes, the inhomogeneous structure formation in the membrane and the polymer particle formation processes. (3) Fine particles systems : The structure near a particle and the interaction between particles in solutions were experimentally investigated, and also the origin of short and extra long-ranged interactions were theoretically elucidated. Ordering of fine particles induced by electric and shear fields was also elucidated with the aids of computer simulations. (4) Composite materials systems ; Percolation structure of grains, crystal growth process in plating and amorphous structure of sugars on proteins were elucidated.2.Common bases for fine structure formations : We extracted the phenomenological methodology for integrating the fine structure formation, and finally proposed future development of this work to "molecular-and particulate-tectonics".