Establishment of laboratory strains originated from Asian wild mice and molecular genetic analysis of the polymorphism

从包括中国大陆在内的东亚、长江以北的韩国和日本到东欧，生活着一种家鼠亚种--小鼠肌肉亚种和其他一些遗传上相近的亚种。我们将它们命名为肌肉亚种群。在中国南部、长江以南和东南亚如菲律宾、台湾和印度尼西亚，栖息着卡斯塔尼亚种群的老鼠。在西欧，家养亚种群占主导地位。根据线粒体DNA、核糖体DNA、生化基因、染色体C-带、免疫基因等的遗传变异，这三个亚种群之间的遗传差异已经估计了大约100万年。然而，到目前为止所分析的遗传座位的数量不足以获得对这些亚种群之间遗传差异的高度可信的估计。本研究试图利用较大数量的基因座对其进行更可靠的估计。我们使用了60种MIT聚合酶链式反应引物来检测…进一步研究微卫星DNA的长度多态性。本研究以日本三岛县国立遗传研究所建立的涵盖三大亚种群不同野生鼠的8个近交系为材料进行了分析。分析了Malysia来源的MAL株、泰国来源的Mal株、台湾来源的HMI株、日本的MSM株、韩国的SWN和KJR株、保加利亚的BLG2株和丹麦的NJL株，以及国内组的法国BFM株。用NJ法构建的微卫星DNA长度多态所构建的树状图与前面提到的结果吻合得很好。BLG2与上一次的分析有差异，BLG2被估计为家蝇群，而不是肌肉群，由于本分析中比较的LICI数目相当多，BLG2应该包括在家蝇亚种群中，尽管不能在一定程度上排除肌肉群的遗传导入。基于相对较大数量的多态微卫星DNA估计两个种群之间的遗传距离似乎是相当可靠的。较少

From east Asia including mainland China, north of Yangtze River, Korea and Japan, to eastern Europe, a house mouse subspecies, MUS musculus musculus, and some other genetically close ones inhabit. We designated them musculus subspecies group. In southern China, south of Yangtze River, and southeast Asia such as the Philippines, Taiwan and Indonesia, castaneus subspecies group of mice inhabit. In western Europe, domesticus subspecies group is predominant. Genetic divergence among those three subspecies groups has been estimated roughly one million years based on genetic variations in mitochondrial DNAs, ribosomal DNAs, biochemical genes, chromosome C-bands, immunological genes etc. The number of genetic loci so faranalyzed, however, was not enough to obtain highly plausible estimation of genetic divergence among those subspecies groups. The present study attempted to get the more reliable estimation of it by using the larger number of loci. We employed 60 kinds of MIT PCR primers to det … More ect the length polymorphism of microsatellite DNAs. Eight kinds of inbred strains established in National Institute of Genetics in Mishima from various wild mice covering the three major subspecies groups were used in the present analyzes. MAL strain originated from Malysia, CAST from Thailand and HMI from Taiwan in castaneus subspcies group, MSM from Japan, SWN and KJR from Korea, BLG2 form Bulgaria and NJL from Denmark in musculus group, and BFM from France in domesticus group were analyzed. Dendrogram constructed from the length polymorphism of microsatellite DNAs by NJ method well agreed with the previous one mentioned above. Only discrepancy in this analysis with the previous one was BLG2 which was estimated as domesticus group, not musculus one, Since the number of lici compared in the present assay were considerably large, BLG2 should be included in domesticus subspecies group, though the genetic introgression of musculus group to some extent could not be excluded. Estimation of genetic distance between two populations based on the relatively larger number of polymorphic microsatellite DNAs seems to be considerably reliable. Less