Neuroendocrine and immune system in genetically polydipsic mice and development of animal model in response to environmental stress

本研究的目的是从遗传学角度探讨遗传性多饮小鼠的高级功能和遗传学特征，以及环境应激的神经内分泌和免疫反应机制，为建立环境应激反应的动物模型奠定基础。多饮小鼠表现出以下多种异常。1.唾液腺和血管中的毒蕈碱受体可能异常。2.上级喉神经活动较对照组减弱，对高浓度生理盐水反应强烈。3.伤害性应激反应阈值低于对照组，可能与μ阿片受体异常有关。4.虽然胸腺细胞数量增加，但T细胞分化异常。5.糖皮质激素受体在下丘脑室旁核、穹窿下器、杏仁核、海马等部位有高表达。6.一氧化氮（NO）和NO合酶的产生在室旁核增加，在垂体后叶减少。7.多饮后下丘脑加压素基因表达增加。加压素和V2受体基因无本质性突变。8.与对照组小鼠相比，学习行为出现异常。这些结果提示遗传性多饮小鼠存在多种异常，是研究环境应激反应的理想动物模型。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of genetically polydipsic mice from the higher function to genetics and the mechanisms of the neuroendocrine and immune responses to environmental stress in order to establish the animal model in response to the environmental stress. The polydipsic mice showed multiple abnormality as follows. 1. They may have abnormality of the muscarinic receptors in the saalivary glands and blood vessels. 2. The activity of the superior laryngeal nerve was lowar than control mice and large responses to high concentration of saline. 3. The thereshold of the nociceptive stress was lower tahn control mice and may be involved in the abnormality of mu-opiod receptor. 4. Although the number of thymic cells was increased, the differentiation of T cell was abnormal. 5. The glucocorticoid receptors expressed highly in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, subfornical organ, amygdala and hippocampus. 6. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase were increased in the paraventricular nucleus and decreased in the posterior pituitary. 7. The expression of vasopressin gene in the hypothalamus was increased after they became polydipsia. The genes of vasopressin and V2 receptor had no essential mutation. 8. Learning behavior showed abnormal in comparison with control mice. These results suggest that genetically polydipsic mice have multiple abnormality and useful animal model to investigate the responses to environmental stress.