Poets at Various Social Positions in the History of Indian Literature

各国印地学家的研究表明，印度文学史上有很多种诗人。他们每个人都有不同的头衔，如Suta，bhat和pauranika。然而，他们如何分享自己的诗歌创作、吟诵或演唱的角色，以及诗人是否能够将自己的角色转换为另一位诗人，目前尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们试图弄清楚这些诗人在一个社会中的作用，并找出他们是如何为不同社会阶层之间的文化交流做出贡献的。为了获得大量的印度诗人传记资料，我们开始阅读梵文卡维亚文本的一些部分，但这些资料似乎太不真实了，以至于我们改变了方式，阅读了描述一个诗人在皇家宫廷集会的作品。通过对Srikanthacarita等作品的描述，我们可以发现，在宫廷的诗人集会上，各种职业的知识分子都会唱诗，即使是通常在寺庙工作的诗人也可以参加这样的集会。这一事实表明，诗人有可能受雇于国王或皇帝，诗人的社会地位是可以改变的。

It has been known through the studies by Indologists in various countries that many kinds of poets made the history of Indian literature. Each of them had different titles, such as suta, bhat and pauranika. It is still inapparent, however, how they shared their roles for composing, chanting or singing poetry and whether a poet was able to shift his role to another one or not.In this study, we tried to make the functions of those poets in a society clear and to find how they contributed to the cultural intercourse between different social classes.In order to get a lot of biographical data of the Indian poets, we started to read some parts of Sanskrit kavya texts, but the data seemed so inauthentic that we changed the way and read the works describing a poet assembly at a royal court.Through the description in such works as Srikanthacarita, we could find that intellectuals of various occupations cantillate poetry at the poet assembly at a royal court and that even the poet who usually works at a temple can join such a assembly. This fact suggests that a poet had a possibility to be employed by a king or an emperor and that the social position of a poet was capable to be changed.