Corporate Strategy and Organization Design for the 21ィイD1stィエD1Century: Database and International Comparisons

我们建立了1980年至1997年期间日本零售商、金融机构和汽车公司的战略和组织变化数据库。该数据库的基本数据包括报纸、杂志和年度报告中发表的所有账户。细粒度的文本分析被用来揭示变更行动的关键特征，例如变更类型、变更位置、变更在组织内的位置、结果以及支持的目标和理由。此外，战略类型，战略意图和组织结构的措施被捕获。利用该数据库，我们研究了以下课题：（1）日本企业的OEO继任对战略和组织变革的影响：整体OEO继任与激进的战略和组织变革无关。治理结构缓和组织的变化（独立的OEO继承），特别是当公司隶属于一家主要银行，该公司正在经历严重的财务压力。(2)IT对美国和日本零售商组织设计的影响：在美国，当其他变量被控制时，IT确实预测了结构，并且与集中度的增加密切相关。在日本，它适度预测结构在没有控制，并与增加权力下放。(3)经济危机后，欧洲、日本和美国公司在东南亚市场营销实践变化的理解框架：我们将市场营销实践的变化分为两种类型：探索和探索。我们发现剥削比探索更频繁。此外，资本主义的民族国家形式影响了变化的类型和方向。

We set up a database of strategic and organization changes for Japanese retailers, financial institutions, and automobile companies during the period of 1980 and 1997. The basic data for this database consists of the universe of accounts published in newspapers, magazines, and annual reports. Fine-grained text analysis was used to uncover the key characteristics of the changes actions, auch as type of change, location of change, location of change within the organization, outcomes, and espoused goals and rationales. In addition, measures of strategy type, strategic intent and organizational structure were capture. Using this database, we investigated the following topics :(1) the impact of OEO succession on strategic and organizational changes in Japanese companies : Overall OEO succession was not associated with radical strategic and organization changes. The governance structure moderates organization changes (independent of OEO succession) in particular when the firm was affiliated with a main bank and the firm was experiencing severe financial pressure. (2) the consequences of IT for organization design in US and Japanese retailers : In US, IT did predict structure when other variables were controlled, and is strongly associated with increased centralization. In Japan, IT modestly predicts structure in the absence of controls, and is associated with increased decentralization. (3) the framework for understanding changes in marketing practices by European, Japanese and U.S. companies in Sotheast Asia after Economic Crisis : We classified changes in marketing practices into two types : exploration and exploration. We found exploitation more frequently than exploration. Also, the nation state form of capitalism affected the type and direction of changes.