Comparative molecular systematics of North American Plants with the main emphasis on cool-temperate and boreal Asiatic elements

(1)测定了cpDNA的matK基因序列，并分析了它们之间的亲缘关系，重点分析了百合属和木兰属的成员：延龄草属(Trillium)37种，普通百合属(Uugaria)5种，白百合属(Erythronium)15种，百合属(Lilium)37种，百合属(Notholirion)1种，北草属(Nomocharis)2种，贝母属(Fritillaria)15种，木兰属(Medeola)1种。Scoliopus(2种)、Convallaria(1种)、Clintonia(5种)、Tulipa(2种)、Veraturum(1种)、心脏(1种)、Magnolia(25种)、Michelia(2种)、Liriodendron(2种)。不出所料，延龄草亚属叶下珠的无梗群形成了一个明显的支系，而大花延龄草和卵叶延龄草则表现为姐妹群，与前者同源。波状锥虫、普氏锥虫和戈瓦尼亚锥虫是Par…对该属的其余类群来说更具形而上学性质。以蛋白质多态(等位酶)为遗传标记，对丰富林地成分的种群生物学进行了研究。重点放在Fagus属上，这是一个具有代表性的冷温带木质类群，分布于北半球的几个地区，包括北美东部的广大地区(Fagus Grand Difolia)和日本(F.crenata和F.Japan)。对北美11个地点的21个地点的25个地方种群的人口遗传结构进行了严格的研究。已知有两种不同的类型，一种没有根吸器，另一种有广泛的根吸器形成。在这两种类型的北美山毛榉中发现了非常复杂但又截然不同的遗传结构。(3)还研究了典型林地无性系成分的种群遗传结构：刺叶山毛榉、麦角山毛榉(都是典型的假一年生)和侧柏。出乎意料的是，事实证明，集合种群水平汇集了更高的遗传变异，每个斑块和当地种群都包含独特的遗传变异。营养繁殖在所有这些克隆物种中都是非常有效的，每个季节都有规律的分株分离，这可能在每个集合种群中保持如此高的遗传多样性起到了关键作用。较少

Molecular systematic analyzes, phylogenetic relationships, and genetic affinity of various North American as well as Japanese cool-temperate elements of Arcto-Tertiary origin were stduied in a two-year period 1996 thorough 1997.(1) matK gene of cpDNA were sequenced and their phylogenetic relationships were analyzed for the following groups, with the main emphasis on the members of Liliiflorae and Magnolia : Trillium (37 spp.), Uvularia (5 spp.), Erythronium (15 spp.), Lilium (37 spp.), Notholirion (1 sp.), Nomocharis (2 spp.), Fritillaria (15 ssp.), Medeola (1 sp.), Scoliopus (2 spp.), Convallaria (1 sp.), Clintonia (5 spp.), Tulipa (2 spp.), Veraturum (1 sp.), Cardiocrinum (1 sp.), Magnolia (25 spp.), Michelia (2 spp.), Liriodendron (2 spp.). The sessile group of Trillium subgenus Phyllantherum formed one conspicuous clade, as expected, but T.grandiflorumand T.ovatum proved to represent a sister group, paraphyletic to the former group. T.undulatum, T.pusillum, and T.govanianum are par … More aphyletic to the remaining group of the genus. Many new evidence have been obtained for the other members analyzed, and the papers are in preparation.(2) Population biology of vatious woodland elements were also studied, using protein polymorphisms (allozyme) as genetic markers. The main emphasis was placed in the genus Fagus, a representative cool-temperate woody group which occurs in several regions in northern hemisphere, including the vast areas in eastem North America (Fagus grandifolia), and in Japan (F.crenata and F.japonica). The demographic genetic structures of 25 local populations at 21 sites of 11 localities in North America were critically examined. Two distinct types, one without root suckers and the other with extensive root sucket formation, are known. Very complex but distinct genetic structures were found to occur in these two types of the North American beech.(3) Demographic genetic structures of typical woodland clonal elements were also studied : Uvularia perfoliata, Disporum smilacinum (both typucal pseudo-annual), and Heloniopsis orientalis. Unexpectedly, much higher genetic variations proved to be pooled at the metapopulation level, with each patch and local population comprising unique genetic variations. Vegetative reproduction is very effective in all these clonal species with regular separation of ramets every season, possibly playing a key role of maintaining such a high genetic variabilities within each metapopulation. Less