ヘンリー・C・ケアリ-の“アソシエーション"とアメリカ・コ-ポラティズム

本研究试图从早期的集体和合作活动的角度来证明商业公司在美国文化中的中心地位。尽管在新政时期出现了一个美国版的福利国家，但它在经济发展和社会福利的普遍提高方面一直发挥着重要作用，正如J. R.康芒斯曾经指出的那样，只有亨利C.凯里（1793-1879），他们能够设法设计出可行的自愿协会形式，即有限责任的商业公司，无论是托克维尔还是马克思。作为保护主义理论的最重要倡导者，凯里早在1838年就在其《政治经济学原理》第二卷中主张在宾夕法尼亚州制定一项普遍的公司法。十年后，JS米尔在他自己的《原则》中追随了凯里的脚步。对于凯里和部分米尔来说，这样一项有限责任的立法将使普通人能够将他们的小额储蓄投资于当地工业，从而提高他们的福利和社会地位。

This study tried to prove the centrality of business corporation in American culture from the early period in terms of the collective and cooperative activity. And it has been playing an important role both in economic development and in the general advancement of social welfare, in spite of the fact that an American version of the welfare state emerged during the New Deal.As J.R.Commons once suggested, it was only Henry C.Carey (1793-1879) who could manage to contrive the workable form of voluntary associations as business corporation with limited liability, neither Tocqueville nor Marx. Carey, known as a foremost exponent of protectionist theory, argued for the enactment of a general incorporation act in Pennsylvania state, as early as in 1838, in the second volume of his Principles of Political Economy. It was ten years after that J.S.Mill followed in Carey's steps in his own Principles.For Carey and, in part, Mill, such an enactment with limited liability would make possible for the common people to invest their small savings in local industries and, consequently, to enhance their welfare and their social standings.