A Research on "Ie" and "Mura" (Rural Society) of Changes Process in Post War II

这是一个关于日本东北庄内地区自第二次世界大战后土地改革以来50年土地（农田）和人口（农民）流动的研究。以往的研究多从农村社会的正式制度和非正式制度“村”的角度来考察土地改革，而没有从“村”的角度来考察土地改革。所以，这篇报道补充了足够的部分。实质是以下。(1)这份报告反映了N村土地改革的实际情况。N村的土地改革被称为“北平田式”。(2)土地改革后N村所有农户的数据是完整的。此外，关于“Koukan-Bungou”（交换和合并）的真实的材料，一种收集农田的方法，被用作土地改革的实际方法，也被保留了下来。这样，就有可能弄清土地改革的实际状况。(3)明确了N村在土地改革前后农户状况的差异。结果表明，“北平田型”的种植面积上限为3公顷，与以往的研究不同。(4)N村的土地改革有利于地主和大佃农。他们得到了上级农田，而不是把农田分给小佃农。耕地质量低于地主和大佃农。(5)因此，土地改革后建立的独立所有制农场一直主导着日本农业。

This is a Study on the movement of land (farmland) and people (peasants) for 50-years from the agrarian reform after the world war II, in Tohoku-Shonai district. Especially, this report considers it from the viewpoint of "Mura" (village), Which means the formal and informal system of a rural society, and the agrarian reform.Former stufies on the agrarian reform Fave considered its enforcing process and the land system, but have not considered them from the viewpoint of "Mura" (village). So, this reort supplements in the sufficient part.The substance is following.(1) This report makes clear the actual state of the agrarian reform on N village. The agrarian reform on N village has been called "type of Kita-hirata".(2) The data of all farm-households on N village after the agrarian reform is complete. Also, real materials on "Koukan-Bungou" (exchange and consolidation), a method to collect farmland, adopted as the actual method of the agrarian refoem, have remained. So, it is possible to make clear an actual state of the agrarian reform.(3) The difference of the states of each farm-household before and after the agrarian reform on N village is made clear. The conclusion is that "type of Kita-hirata", putting an upper limit on 3-hectare to cultivate area, is different from the those of former studies.(4) The agrarian reform on N village was in advantage of the landowners and the big tenant-owner farmers. They got superior farmland, instead of releasing farmland to the small tenantfarmers. The farmland inferior to those of the landowners and big tenant-owner farmers.(5) So, the independent owner operate farmers established after the agrarian reform have been leading Japanese agriculture.