The crosstalk of immune system and nerve system in host defense to bacterial infections

众所周知，免疫系统和神经系统之间的串扰与动态平衡有关。我们从神经肽、交感神经系统、宿主防御和细胞因子产生的相互作用的角度，研究了P物质(SP)和血管活性肠肽(VIP)等神经肽对单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Lm)感染模型小鼠脾细胞培养诱导的干扰素-γ(HK-LM)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)产生的影响。两种神经肽都不影响这些细胞因子的产生。为了了解神经肽的自分泌和旁分泌作用，加入抗SP和VIP的抗体。两种抗体均不影响干扰素-γ和肿瘤坏死因子-α的产生。2.我们观察了体内注射α-黑素细胞刺激素(α-MSH)对LM感染和细胞因子产生的影响。无符号…α-MSH对HK-LM诱导的小鼠脾细胞抗李斯特菌防御作用增强3给予破坏去甲肾上腺素能神经末梢的6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)处理小鼠后，宿主对LM的抵抗力增强。地塞帕明可阻断6-OHDA进入神经纤维的摄取，从而阻止这种作用。4我们研究了6-OHDA去神经对感染LM诱导的小鼠脾内源性干扰素-γ、肿瘤坏死因子-α和IL-12产生的影响。未观察到去神经对内源性细胞因子产生的影响。而经6-OHDA处理的小鼠脾细胞经6-OHDA处理后，其产生的肿瘤坏死因子-α和抗CD3单抗诱导的干扰素-α的产生均增强。结果表明，阻断交感神经系统可增强宿主对军团菌感染的防御，以及在防御中起关键作用的干扰素-γ和肿瘤坏死因子-α的产生，提示宿主对军团菌感染的防御可能依赖于免疫系统和神经系统之间的相互作用。较少

The crosstalk between immune system and nerve system is known to be involved in homeostasis. We studied the crosstalk betwwen these to systems in Listeria monocytogenes (LM)-infected mouse model from the standpoints of the interactions between neuropeptides, sympathetic nerve system, host defense, and cytokine production.1 We investigated the effects of neuropeptides such as substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production induced by heat-killed LM (HK-LM) in spleen cell cultures obtained from naive mice and LM-immunized mice. Neither neuropeptides affected the productions these cytokines. Next, to know the autocrine and paracrine actions of neuropeptides, antibodies against SP and VIP were added the cultures. Neither antibodies affected on the productions of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha.2 We investigated the effects of in vivo administration of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) on LM infection and cytokine production. No signific … More ant effect of alpha-MSH on antilisterial defense and the productions of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha induced by HK-LM in spleen cell cultures.3 When mice was pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which destroys noradrenergic nerve terminals, host defense to LM was augmented late in infection. This effect was prevented by pretreatment with desipramine, which blocks the uptake of 6-OHDA into the nerve fibers.4 We inverstigated the effects of denervation by 6-OHDA on endogenous IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 production induced by infection with LM in the spleens of mice. No effect of denervation on endogenous cytokine production was observed. However, TNF-alpha production induced by HK-LM and IFN-gamma production induced by anti-CD3 mAb was enhanced in spleen cell cultures obtained from 6-OHDA-pretreated mice.Our results demonstrated that host defense to LM infections and the productions of IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, which are crucial in the defense, were augmented by block of the sympatheic nerve system, suggesting that host defense to LM infection might be depend on the interactions between immune system and nerve system. Less