Immunohistochemical studies on changes of the components of the nervous system after head injury and their application to estimating the duration of posttraumatic survival.

1.脑损伤后轴突变化的免疫组织化学研究：检测8种针对轴突成分的抗体，以确定这些抗体是否能检测到创伤后早期轴突的变化。初步检查表明，神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、神经丝M亚单位(NF)和阿尔茨海默病前体蛋白(APP)的免疫染色可作为检测早期轴突改变的有用标志物，其中以NSE染色最为敏感。进一步的检查发现，NSE染色可以标记颅脑损伤后仅存活0.5小时的所谓的轴突和肿胀的轴突。2.颅脑损伤后髓鞘变化的免疫组织化学研究：应用抗髓鞘碱性蛋白和蛋白脂蛋白的抗体。3.脑损伤后星形胶质细胞变化的免疫组织化学研究：采用抗胶质纤维酸性蛋白、S100蛋白、波形蛋白和层粘连蛋白的抗体。GFAP和S100免疫组织化学标记存活7天以上的反应性星形胶质细胞和存活9小时~7天的肿胀星形胶质细胞。存活时间<1h者，GFAP和S100染色可见胞核固缩、散在。波形蛋白和层粘连蛋白的免疫染色也标记了这些星形胶质细胞。这些结果表明，星形胶质细胞的免疫染色在评估颅脑损伤后的脑损伤和估计创伤后存活时间方面应该是非常有用的。

1.Immunohistochemical studies on changes of axons after brain injury : Eight antibodies against components of axons were tested to determine whether the antibodies can detect early posttraumatic axonal changes. Preliminary examination showed that immunostaining for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), M subunit of neurfilament (NF) and Alzheimer precursor protein (APP) could be useful markers for detection of early axonal changes, and that NSE staining found to be most sensitive. Further examination revealed that NSE staining can label so-called axomal bulbs and swollen axons in cases with only 0.5 hour's survival after head trauma.2.Immunohistochemical studies on changes of mylins after head injury : Antibodies against mylin basic protein and proteolipid protein were employed. Myelin globoids were identified by both of the immunostaining for myelin as well as staining with Luxol Fast Blue in cases with more than 2 days' survival after brain injury.3.Immunohistochemical studies on changes of astrocytes after brain injury : Antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100 protein, vimentin and laminin were used. Immunostaining for GFAP and S100 labelled both reactive astrocytes in cases of head injury with more than 7 days' survival and swollen astrocytes in cases with 9 hours' to 7 days' survival. Further, in cases with less than 1 hour's survival, clasmatodendrosis and pyknosis of the nucleus were detected by GFAP and S100 staining. Immunostaining for vimentin and laminin also labelled these astrocytes. These results suggest that immunostaining for astrocytes should be quite useful for evaluating brain damage after head injury and for estimating the duration of posttraumatic survival.