Study of Social Support for Home Caregivers of Elderly

对护理压力及其缓解因素进行了调查。采用邮寄问卷的方式，对551名卧床老人护理组成员进行问卷调查，回收有效问卷258份（46.8%）。我们选择了239名患者年龄超过65岁的人。从照顾压力及其间接成因的角度，提出了一个压力-支持模型。这些分析包括照顾者的负担、心理健康、通过个人关系提供的私人支持和公共支持。对支架类型和来源造成的差异进行了分类。我们发现1)负担随着患者痴呆程度和年龄的增加而增加。在像日本这样快速老龄化的社会，快速的对抗是必要的。2)负担随着加入照顾者群体和获得次级照顾者帮助的年数而减少。照顾者群体的成员对未来不确定性的焦虑负担较少。(3)公共和私人社会支持对减轻职业倦怠感的作用不明显，但在低分分析下属职位项上有直接的缓解作用。由于社会支持的作用是有限的，激活社会支持供给是可取的。4)类型分析表明，有朋友支持和/或信息支持的人满意度得分更高。他们对解决问题有积极的态度。这些支持对照顾者的生活质量很重要。5)来源分析表明，有家庭情感支持的人负担更轻。由家庭成员以外的人提供社会支持是未来护理社会化的问题。

Surveys on the caregiving stresses and their relieving factors were conducted. 551 members of caregivers groups who have bedridden elderlys were asked to answer questionnaires by mail, and 258 valid answers (46.8%) were collected. We selected 239 people who have patients older than 65 years old. A stress-support model was proposed in terms of caregiving stresses and their indirect causes. The analyses includes caregiver's burden, mental health, private support through personal relations and public support. The difference due to types and sources of the supports was classified. We found that 1) Burden increases with a degree of dementia and age of patients. In rapidly aging societies like Japan, a fast counteraction is necessary. 2) Burden decreases with a number of years as a member of caregivers groups and help from sub-caregivers. The members of caregiver groups have less burden from anxieties to future uncertainties. 3) Public and private social supports show no appreciable effect on reduction of burnout feeling, but they suggest some direct, and relieving effects in a lower scores analysis subordinate position item. This effect due to the social support is limited, and activation of social support supply is desirable. 4) The type analysis indicates that people who have support by friends and/or informational support have higher scores in satisfaction. They have positive attitude towards solving problems. These supports are important in caregivers' quality of life. 5) The source analysis shows that people who have emotional support, from families have less burden. To supply social support by other than family members is a future problem for socialization of caregiving.