Contrastive Sociolinguistic Studies of Language Behaviors between Japanese and German

本研究在日本的三个地区进行实证研究，以比较日语和德语在语言行为方面的差异。在这项研究中使用了与德国已经采用的相同的调查方法。这是两位研究人员从百货商店和香水店等商店的店员那里观察和收集的数据。他们的语言行为也被评估，通过使用协议。共收集了70个设置的数据。关于日语语言行为的研究结果如下：日语的语言行为有很大的变化。日本人的语言行为得到了不同的评价。当一个人经常使用敬语时，没有必要认为这是礼貌的。人们经常使用包括非标准方言在内的敬语表达。与Brown和Levinson（1987）的积极礼貌相对应的表达被认为是礼貌的。在未来，我们将对比日语和德语在语言行为方面的数据，并详细考虑它们。

This study was empirically conducted in three areas in Japan in order to contrast Japanese with German in terms of language behavior. The same survey method that had been already adopted in Germany was used in this study. It is that two researchers observed and collected data from the clerks at the stores such as department stores and perfumeries. Their language behaviors were also evaluated, by using the protocol. The data of seventy settings were collected in total. The following results concerning Japanese language behavior were obtained:1. Very wide variation of Japanese language behavior was used.2. Japanese language behavior was evaluated variously.3. When one often use honorific expressions, it was not necessary to consider them as polite.4. It was often observed that people use honorific expressions including non-standard dialects.5. The expressions which correspond to the positive politeness by Brown and Levinson (1987) were taken as polite.In future we will contrast Japanese with German data in terms of language behavior and consider them in detail.