An Empirical Study on the Realities of the Research and Developments of the Military Technology in the Former Soviet Union in the Cold War.

有关前苏联军事技术发展的知识主要是通过利用苏联官方出版物的西方观察员和苏联或外国有关人士的证人进行调查和/或推定而获得的。然而，最近，我们开始能够利用档案中的原始资料。在这笔助学金的资金支持下，研究人员在四年的时间里多次在莫斯科进行了档案调查。他发现了一些重要的文件，这些文件详细描述了火箭、喷气式飞机和计算机的发展过程以及科学家的动员。他写了关于这些问题的科学论文，标题和其他内容可以在下一页看到(他写的关于苏联计算机发展的论文被省略了，因为它现在由一家期刊的审稿人评判)。即使在核发展和其他我们不被允许获取档案来源的领域，研究人员也可以从俄罗斯历史学家的研究成果以及半官方编年史和回忆录的出版物中获得一些具有重要意义的信息。利用这些资源，他撰写了关于苏联早期原子船用发动机研发过程的论文。他的贡献可以概括为：1)苏联军事技术的实况调查；2)对那些巨大而危险的项目的研发过程的评估；3)对这些研发活动的组织和人为因素的澄清等。

The knowledge about the military technology developments in the Former-Soviet Union had been gained mainly through the investigations and/or presumptions by the Western observers who took advantages of the Soviet official publications and the witnesses of the Soviet or foreign concerned persons. Recently, however, we came to be able to avail ourselves of the original sources kept in the archives.With the financial support from this grant-in-aid, the researcher carried out the archival survey in Moscow several times for four years. He found out some significant documents which tell the details of the processes of the developments of rockets, jet planes and computers and the mobilization of scientists. He have written the scientific papers concerning these issues, the titles and others of which can be seen in the next page (The paper, he wrote concerning the Soviet computer development, is omitted, because it is now under the judgment of the referees of a journal).Even in those areas such as the nuclear development and others whose archival sources we are not permitted to access, the researcher could get some information of vital significance through the research results the Russian historians had made and the publications of the quasi-official chronicles and the memoirs. Taking the advantages of these sources, he wrote the paper on the subject of the R&D process of Soviet atomic marine engines in their early days.The contributions the researcher made can be summarized as follows : 1) the fact-finding about the Soviet military technology, 2) the evaluation of the R&D processes of those huge and dangerous projects, 3) the clarification of the organizational and human factors of those R&D activities, et al.