A Study of Intercultural Communication among Japanese, Chinese and Americans working for Japanese subsidiaries in China and in the U.S.

本研究的主要目的是：(1)在中国和美国的日本子公司工作的日本员工、中国员工和美国员工由于行为规则的不同而产生的认知差异；(2)日本员工和当地员工(即：(3)日本员工与本土员工的领导风格差异，(4)运用图式理论的跨文化培训，(5)中美参与企业的管理制度差异，(6)日本人、中国人和美国人的沟通行为差异，(7)日本企业在中国的媒体报道，(8)美国的职业道德，(9)日本在华子公司的历史研究。其中，通过文化图式分析考察了日本人、中国人和美国人的认知差异研究。文化图式分析的目的是利用图式理论作为人类认知系统的解释原理，分析人类行为与认知系统之间的关系。本研究共有1459名受试者参与。其中263人为日本侨民，826人为外籍人士，826人为日本在华子公司工作的中国雇员。此外，在美国的日本法人公司工作的日本人和美国人分别有125人和245人。在此次经营制度调查中，分别有25家在中国的日本企业和22家在美国的日本企业参与。此外，在交流行为差异的研究中，有220名日本人、200名中国人和227名美国人参与。

This study was conducted to ascertain the following :(1) Cognitive differences arising from the different behavioral rules of Japanese, Chinese and American staff working for Japanese subsidiaries in China and the U.S.,(2) cognitive differences between Japanese and local staff (i.e., Chinese and Americans) regarding their working environment,(3) leadership style differences between Japanese and local staff,(4) cross-cultural training using schema theory,(5) management system differences among participant companies in China and the U.S.,(6) communication behavior differences among Japanese, Chinese and Americans,(7) the media coverage on Japanese companies in China,(8) work ethics in the U.S., and(9) the historical study of Japanese subsidiaries in China.Among these studies, the cognitive difference study among Japanese, Chinese and Americans was examined through cultural schema analysis. Cultural schema analysis aims at analyzing relationships between human behavior and cognitive systems by employing schema theory as an explanatory principle of human cognitive systems. For this study, a total of 1459 subjects participated. Of these 263 were Japanese expatriates and 826 were expatriates and 826 were Chinese employees working for Japanese subsidiaries in China. Besides them, 125 were Japanese and 245 were Americans working for Japanese subsidiaries in the U.S. For the management-system study, 25 Japanese companies in China and 22 in the U.S. participated. Moreover, in the study of communication behavior differences, 220 Japanese, 200 Chinese and 227 Americans participated.