Comparative study on school choice system of pubfic elementary and middle schools' in the USA and Japan

本研究旨在厘清美国与日本两个学区公立中小学择校制度的结构与功能。以日本东京品川地区为例，美国加利福尼亚州圣迭戈统一学区为例，研究结果如下：(1)两国学校语音系统的模式有如下相似之处。在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生在整个学区内开放招生仅限于特定的学校(1)的2、6种模式较多，品川学区的2、3种模式较多。(3)通过对两个学区择校制度的功能分析，可以发现圣地亚哥学区择校制度的补偿机制，即学校馈线模式。(4)学校馈线模式可以作为教育信息化的工具，也可以作为专业发展学校项目的网络，正如我们在圣地亚哥州立大学在圣地亚哥市中心的城市高地项目中所发现的那样。(5)在日本，实行择校制度或正在审查实行择校制度的自治市中，小学的比例约为19%，中学的比例约为16%。如果我们考虑到日本大约50%的自治市处于只有一到两所小学和一所中学的情况，这个数字表明，在日本有可能引入择校制的自治市中，大约有一半已经引入或正在考虑引入择校制。少

This study has the intention of clarifying the structure and function of school choice system of public elementary and middle schools in two school districts in the U.S.A. and Japan.Shinagawa district in Tokyo was chosen as the case of Japan, and San Diego unified school district in California was chosen as the case of the U.S.A.The research results were as follows:(1)The pattems of school dnoice system could be catecprized in similar way in both countries as follows.1 open enrollment within whole areas of school district by abollshing school zone2 open enrollment within whole areas of school district by keeping school zones as far3 restricted school choice by breaking down school district into some areas4 restricted school choice among neighboring schools5 restricted school choice within limited areas of school zones so far,6 open enrollment within whole area of school district limited to particular schools(2) The school choice system in San Diego united school dfetrict has introduced … More 2 and 6 patterns of (1), in the other hand that of Shinagawa cfetrict system has introduced 2 and 3 patterns above.(3) If we have analyzed the function of school choice system in two districts, we could find out compensatory mechanism of school choice system in the case of San Diego mified school district that is school feeder pattern.(4) School feeder pattern could be used as a toot for hdrviduaization of education and as a network of Professional Development School project as well, as we could find cut the case in City Heights Project in downtown san diego by san diego state university.(5) The percentage of municipalities in which school choice system has been introokiced or has been under examination for the introduction of it is about 19 % in elementary schools and 16% in middle schools in Japan.If we consider the fact that about 50% of municipalities in Japan are in the situation of having only one or two elementary schools and one middle school, the number shows that about half of the municipalities in Japan in which the probability of introducing school choice system exists have introduced it or have been under consideration of introducing it. Less