New Public Management and Decentralization

我们调查了新公共管理的理念，并试图提出一个清晰的政府改革愿景，这是在日本把旧的过程更好地发挥作用所必需的。这一改革将需要在日本实现分权，我们的研究主要如下。(1)日本运用新公共管理方法进行改革的速度很慢。(2)为了实现分权，中央政府应该制定放松管制的标准。(3)从长期来看，日本应改变中央与地方之间的财政转移体制，特别是通过地方分配税的方式，以削弱再分配效应。然而，在短期内，地方政府不得不努力设立新的税种。(5)因此，地方政府可以执行边际财政责任，这是引入日本的合适概念

We investigate the philosophy of New Public Management, and tried to present a clear vision of Government Reform, which is required to put the old processes to work in better ways in Japan. This Reform will be needed to achieve Decentralization now on process in JapanMajor points of our research are as following. (1) Speed of the Reform using the methods of New Public Management, is very slow in Japan. (2) To achieve Decentralization, Central government should set the criteria for deregulation. (3) In the long-run, Japanese fiscal transfer system between Central and Local governments especially through LOCAL ALLOCATION TAX should be changed to weaken the re-distributional effect. (4) Nevertheless, in the short-run, Local governments have to try to exert to set up the new taxes. (5) Thus, Local governments can execute the marginal fiscal-responsibility, which is proper concept to he introduced to Japan