CD4 independent vertical HIV transmission and possible involvement of decidual immune cells

1我们研究了从HIV阳性母亲中获得的胎盘样本。免疫组化结果显示，尽管其婴儿未感染HIV，但绒毛滋养层细胞、绒毛外滋养层细胞和Hofbauer细胞中HIVp 24均呈阳性染色。2在分离的抗原性胎盘细胞中，PCR证实存在HIV前病毒DNA。3人绒毛膜癌细胞系JEG-3对无细胞HIV和HIV感染T细胞系敏感。R5-HIV和X4-HIV均在JEG-3中复制。4 HIV以CD 4非依赖性但CCR 5或CXCR-4依赖性的方式感染JEG-3。5绒毛膜癌细胞系中HIV的复制被多种趋化因子抑制，包括MIP-1和CXCR-4。6新鲜分离的胎盘滋养层细胞和绒毛膜癌细胞系表达功能性趋化因子受体。7趋化因子调节绒毛膜癌细胞的细胞增殖和hCG产生8 HIV感染的绒毛膜癌细胞系JEG-3变得对IL-2激活的蜕膜CD 56阳性大颗粒淋巴细胞（LGL）敏感。9滋养层细胞产生的G-CSF和TGF-β抑制CD 56阳性LGL的IL-2/IL-12激活。10 CD 56阳性LGL对HIV敏感，但产生各种趋化因子和IL-16，蜕膜中的γδ T细胞产生大量TGF-β和IL-10，可能抑制细胞毒性T细胞对HIV感染细胞的清除。

1 We investigated placenta samples obtained from HIV positive mothers. We observed positive staining of HIVp24 in villous trophoblasts, extravillous trophoblasts and Hofbauer cells by immunohistochemical techniques, though their babies were not infected with HIV.2 Presence of HIV provirus DNA was confirmed with PCR in antigenically separated placental cells.3 Human choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 was susceptible to cell free HIV and HIV infected T cell lines. Both R5-HIV and X4-HIV replicate in JEG-3.4 HIV infected JEG-3 by CD4 independent but CCR5 or CXCR-4 dependent manner.5 Replication of HIV in choriocarcinoma cell lines were inhibited by various chemokines including MIP-1alpha and RANTES.6 Freshly isolated placental trophoblasts and choriocarcinoma cell lines express functional chemokine receptors.7 Chemokines regulate cell proliferation and hCG production of choriocarcinoma cell lines.8 HIV infected choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 became susceptible to IL-2 activateddecidual CD56 positive large granular lymphocytes(LGL).9 G-CSF and TGF-β produced by trophoblasts suppressed IL-2/IL-12 activation of CD56 positive LGL10 CD56 positive LGL are susceptible to HIV but produce various chemokines and IL-16, Which possibly protect these cells and trophoblasts from HIVinfection11 γδ T cells in deciduas produce large amount of TGF-β and IL-10 which possibly inhibit eradication of HIV infected cells by cytotoxic T cells.