Actual Significances of Phenomenological Ideas

现象学运动是20世纪世纪最重要的哲学运动之一，对科学的许多领域都产生了重大影响。我的研究课题的目的就是要阐释胡塞尔先验哲学的内在理念，这些理念是在胡塞尔先验哲学的基础上产生的，在问题的推动下发生了变化，并在不断的批判、对抗、分化和整合中保持了顽强的力量。本课题的主要目的在于：（1）探讨胡塞尔的先验哲学纲领与他的事实哲学分析之间的矛盾，理解他对“劳动哲学”的分析对解决问题的探索意义。(2)To从整个现象学运动的角度重新审视海德格尔对胡塞尔的批判。(3)To本文试图从与胡塞尔、海德格尔不同的哲学思维方法出发，对梅洛-庞蒂的现象学进行研究，揭示其哲学思想对两位现象学家之后的现象学发展产生的诸多影响，在《现象学基础》一书中，笔者首先勾勒出现象学运动的大致轮廓，并论证了现象学运动在西方哲学中的历史地位。然后讨论了“经验、生活与知识”、“意义与实在”、“作为现象学方法论的还原与解释”、“主体性与先验性”、“时间性”、“生活世界”、“身体”、“他者与交互性”、“伦理学”、“历史与社会性”以及“现象学的现实意义”等主题。

The phenomenological movement is one of most important philosophical movements in the 20th century which has much great influence on many fields of science. My aim of the research project is to interpret the inherent ideas which came into existence on the fundaments of the Husserl's transcendental philosophy and has changed itself under the urge of the problems and has held its tenacious strength under the continual critiques, confrontations, branchings and integrations. Main purposes of the project lie in the following points: (1)To probe the discrepancy between Husserl's program of his transcendental philosophy and his factual philosophical analyses, and to understand the significances of his analyses of the 'Arbeitsphilosophy' which have groped for the solutions of the problems. (2)To reconsider the Heidegger's Critique against Husserl in the light of whole phenomenological movement. (3)To study Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology under the viewpoint which differs from Husserl's and Heidegger's method of the philosophical thinking, and to throw light on the many facets of his philosophy which has influenced the development of the phenomenology after two phenomenologists.In Fundamentals of phenomenology I draws a rough plan of the phenomenological movement and argue the its historical situation in the western philosophy first. Then I discuss the themes of 'experience, life and knowledge', 'meaning and reality', 'reduction and interpretation as the phenomenological methodology', 'subjectivity and transcendentality', 'temporaity', 'life-world', 'body', 'others and intercubjectivity', 'ethics', 'history and sociality' and 'actual significances of phenomenology.