Influence of Japanese culture on the individual social cognition The third dimension beyond Individualism and Collectivism.

本研究探讨了日本文化价值观，并考察了日本文化价值观对个体认知过程的影响过程。第一部分采用INDCOL量表和价值量表对日本学生的文化价值观进行考察。对结果进行因子分析，在原有的横向个人主义（HI）、纵向个人主义（VI）、横向集体主义（HC）、纵向集体主义（VC）四个因子基础上，新增了第五个因子“通过合作与竞争维护自身利益（MSICC）”。分析了新因子的特征与其他心理量表及相关人格的关系。第二部分运用日本谚语分析日本文化价值观。根据其与个人主义/集体主义和通过合作与竞争维护自身利益的关系（MSICC）对其意义进行了分类。更重要的是，即使在日本传统文化中，它们也包含着与个人主义和集体主义有关的价值观。第三部分采用文化启动程序探讨个体激活的个人主义/集体主义认知成分对因果归因的影响。大量研究表明，集体主义文化中的因果归因模式倾向于外部而非内部，倾向于群体而非个人。在本研究中，日本学生表现出强烈的内在归因倾向和个体归因倾向。此外，虽然文化启动会影响自我的个人主义/集体主义成分，但文化启动对因果归因没有影响，并表明文化启动的影响取决于个人的个人主义/集体主义倾向。它们都表明了日本文化中个人主义/集体主义价值观与个体认知过程的复杂关系。少

In the present study the Japanese cultural values were explored and the process of those Japanese cultural values affects on individual cognitive processes was investigated.In part 1, cultural values of Japanese students were examined by using the INDCOL measure and the Value Scale. The factor analysis of the results extracted the new fifth factor "the maintenance of self-interests through cooperation and competition (MSICC)" in addition to the four factors previously identified, horizontal individualism (HI), vertical individualism (VI), horizontal collectivism (HC), and vertical collectivism (VC). The characteristic of the new factor was analyzed in the relations to the other psychological scales and the associated personality.In part 2, Japanese proverbs were used to analyze Japanese cultural values. Their meanings were classified in terms of their relations to the Individualism/Collectivism and Maintenance of self-interests through cooperation and competition (MSICC). It was sugges … More ted that even in Japanese traditional culture, they contained values related to Individualism and MSICC as well as collectivism.In part 3, the cultural priming procedure was used to explore the influence of the individual's activated Individualism/Collectivism cognitive components on causal attributions. A lot of studies showed that causal attribution patterns in collectivistic culture tend to be external rather than internal and group rather than individual. In the present study, Japanese students exhibited the strong tendency to internal and individual attribution. Furthermore, it was showed that the cultural priming did not have an influence on causal attributions, although the cultural priming did affected individualistic/collectivistic components of self It was also showed that the effects of the cultural priming depended on an individual's dispositional Individualism/Collectivism. They all suggest the complicated relationship of the Individualism/Collectivism value to individual's cognitive process m the Japanese culture. Less