A field study on the local curriculum model supporting the activities and practices of moral education in the U.S.

虽然自1983年以来，美国各州都在进行提高学业成就的教育改革，但塑造儿童的价值观和态度的根本性改革的需要已经得到了人们的广泛认可。因此，品格教育得到了克林顿总统和民主共和两党的全力支持，并在90年代末作为一场教育运动掀起了一股热潮。自德克萨斯州前州长以来一直热衷于教育措施的共和党总统乔治·布什于2001年将品格教育的联邦政策预算增加了三倍，并更多地着眼于进一步推广。在这项研究中，在鸟瞰全美品格教育的同时，研究者走访了实施品格教育项目的社区和学校，以了解EDUC…的董事会扮演着什么样的角色更多的国家和学校在开展这些活动中发挥了作用，以及品德教育的成效如何。自2001年获得科学研究资助以来，这位研究人员曾四次访问美国，并就品格教育的实践以及与德克萨斯州、弗吉尼亚州、伊利诺伊州、加利福尼亚州、纽约州和新泽西州的社区合作方式进行了实地调查。通过对各州教育厅、地方教育主管部门和学校每年的实地调查，运用社会学的民族志方法对访谈进行了分析，得出的结论也对我国的道德教育的理想方式提出了相当大的建议。其中之一是联邦政府和各州州长的领导在推动道德教育方面的重要性，成年一代有必要将支持民主社会的普世价值传递给下一代，这是至关重要的。此外，品格教育还展示了社区的意义和作用，社区利用当地社会的资源，通过各种活动使儿童进行道德社会化。较少

Although the educational reforms to improve scholastic attainments have been carried out in various states in the United States since 1983, the needs for fundamental reform that led to mold children's value and attitude have widely recognized among people, therefore, Character Education has received full support of President Clinton and of both Democratic and Republican parties, and came to show a big upsurge as an educational movement in the late 90' s. President George Bush of the Republican Party who had shown an ardent approach to an educational measure since the days of the former Governor of Texas State increased the federal policy budget of the character education to three times and more aiming at further promotion in 2001.In this research, while getting a bird's-eye view of Character Education all over the U.S., the researcher visited the communities and schools where the programs of character education were implemented in order to find out what kinds of role the boards of educ … More ation and schools have played in carrying out the programs and how effective Character Education has been practiced. From 2001 when received a grants-in-aid for scientific research, the researcher visited the U.S. four times, and has performed the field survey on the practices of Character Education and on the ways of cooperation with the communities in each State of Texas, Virginia, Illinois, California, New York, and New Jersey. The interviews collected by the field surveys on each State Department of Education, the local education authorities, and the schools every year have been analyzed by ethnographical methods of sociology.The result clarified through this research also gives a considerable suggestion to the ideal way of the moral education of our country. One of them is the importance of the leadership of the federal government and the governors of states in promoting moral education, and there is the vital necessity that an adult generation has the belief and the mission of conveying the universal value supporting democratic society to the next generation. Moreover, Character Education shows the meaning and the role of the community that makes children morally socialized by variegated activities making use of resources of the local society. Less