EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENT DEBTS.

本研究的目的在于通过对比较法的研究，获得提高民事诉讼效率的基本观点，并对现行法律和未来立法的可能解释提出论点，这对现行证券交易制度和判决债务执行的改革是必要的。这一改革被广泛认为是在世纪建立一个有效的日本司法系统所必不可少的，在这个世纪，基于规则和透明的法规必须在社会中发挥更大的作用。为此，本研究以民事执行制度中的个别制度和规则为考察对象，从执行制度容量的扩大和使用者交易成本的降低两个角度出发，这两者都是日本法律中作为社会活动基础设施的民事执行制度的主要问题。本研究对现行规则和未来规则的可能解释进行了论证。关于最低司法拍卖价格制度、间接执行和防止妨碍取消抵押品赎回权的若干措施的立法，同时考虑到有必要制定一项计划，促使有关各方在执行程序内外采取适当行动。这项工作的一部分成果已经反映在立法讨论中，包括2003年修正案和2004年预期修正案，对现行抵押、担保交易和民事执行制度进行改革。我们相信，本文的研究成果将对修改后的法律解释起到指导作用，也将对未来民事执行制度的修改起到积极的借鉴作用。

The purpose of this research is to acquire basic perspectives to make civil proceedings more effective based on study of comparative laws, and to develop arguments regarding possible interpretation of the current laws and future legislation, which are necessary for reform of the current system of security transaction and enforcement of judgment debts. The reform is widely recognized as essential to establish an efficient Japanese judicial system in the 21st century, where rule-based and transparent regulations must play a greater role in society. For this purpose, this research focuses on review of individual systems and rules that consist of civil execution system, from the observing point of expansion of capacity of the execution system and reduction of transaction cost of users, both of which are principal issues for the civil enforcement system as an infrastructure of social activities in Japanese law.This research develops arguments of possible interpretation of the current rules and future legislation concerning systems of minimal judicial auction price, indirect enforcement, and several measures to prevent obstruction to foreclosure, in consideration of necessity to establish a scheme to induce interested parties to act properly both inside and outside executions proceeding. A part of fruit of this work is already reflected in legislative discussions, both for the 2003 amendment and for the prospective 2004 amendment, of reform of the current system of mortgage, security transaction and civil execution. We believe that outcome of this research will be controlling for interpretation of the amended laws and will also be fruitful for future revisions of civil execution system.