The Theoretical and Practical Study on the Oral History Method in the Historical Studies of Civil Engineering by Focusing the Expressway

近年来，在土木工程的历史研究中，澄清公共工程的政策或决策过程，即所谓的“软工程”，而不是设计结构，即所谓的“硬工程”，被认为是很重要的。我们研究的目的和方法如下。1)关注高速公路对日本经济快速发展的推动作用；2)采用欧美流行的口述历史方法；3)采访在世的日本高速公路相关人物，记录他们的生活故事，编成他们的文献保存。4)研究口述历史方法在土木工程历史研究中的应用。我们，口述历史研究小组委员会，土木工程历史研究委员会，日本土木工程师学会，得到以下结果。采访、录音和制作文件我们采访了3位在第二次世界大战后公路管理初期的关键技术官员。我们记录了他们的生活故事，并制作了他们的文件来保存。三位关键的技术官僚是高桥国一郎、井上隆和山根勤。从2002年到2005年，我们每年都对他们每个人进行采访。高桥国一郎曾任日本建设部副部长和日本公路公共公司总裁。从2002年到2003年，我们采访了他7次。b)井上隆先生曾任建设副大臣、参议院议员和国家土地局局长。从2003年到2004年，我们采访了他6次。他于2004年11月7日去世，这部口述历史成为他最后一部公开作品。山根Tsutomu Yamane曾任建设省道路局局长和本州四国大桥管理局总裁。从2004年到2005年，我们对他进行了10次访谈。2)建立口述历史方法通过对3位关键技术专家的访谈，为在土木工程历史研究中建立口述历史方法提供了新的思路和建议。2005年是我们研究的最后一年，我们做了5份报告，其中3份是实践报告，2份是理论报告。3个实用型文献由3个关键技术官僚口述历史文献组成。2个理论报告由“概括”和“2004年一天研讨会”组成。他们撰写了口述历史方法及其在土木工程历史研究中的意义。少

Recently in the historical studies of civil engineering, it is thought to be important that we clarify the policy or the decision-making process on the public works, so called "soft engineering", against designing structures, so called "hard engineering".The purpose of our study and approaches to it are the following.1)Focusing on the expressways promoted the economic growth rapidly in Japan.2)Using the oral history method in popular with Europe and America.3)Interviewing the key-persons in relation with expressways in Japan while they are alive, by recording their life stories, we make up their documents to preserve.4)Studying the oral history method in the historical studies of civil engineering.We, the Subcommittee on Oral History Studies, the Committee on Historical Studies in Civil Engineering, the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, get the following results.1)Interviewing, recording and making up documentsWe interviewed 3 key-technocrats in the dawn of highway administration after … More the World War II. And we recorded their life stories and made up their documents to preserve.3 key-technocrats are Mr.Kuniichiro Takahashi, Mr.Takashi Inoue and Mr.Tsutomu Yamane. We interviewed each of them every year from 2002 to 2005.a)Mr.Kuniichiro Takahashi has been the Vice-Minister of Construction and the President of Japan Highway Public Corporation. We interviewed him 7 times from 2002 to 2003.b) Mr.Takashi Inoue was the Vice-Minister of Construction, the member of the House of Councilors and the Director-General, National Land Agency. We interviewed him 6 times from 2003 to 2004. He died on November 7 in 2004 and this oral history became his last public work.c)Mr.Tsutomu Yamane has been the Director-General, Road Bureau, Ministry of Construction and the President of the Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority. We interviewed him 10 times from 2004 to 2005.2)Establishing the oral history methodBy interviewing 3 key-technocrats we get new ideas and tips for establishing the oral history method in the historical studies of civil engineering.In 2005, the last year of our research periods, we make 5 reports : 3 practical and 2 theoretical ones.3 practical ones are consisted of 3 key-technocrats oral history documents.2 theoretical reports are consisted of "generalization" and "One Day Seminar in 2004". They are written about the oral history method and its meaning in the historical studies of civil engineering. Less