The Ideal and the Reality of the Modern Sovereign State Seen through Jewish identity problems

本课题主要研究三个方面的问题：一是现代犹太人身份危机的现实和途径，二是有关东道国现代化的特点，三是以色列国的身份问题。来自不同学科的13位学者为这个项目做出了贡献，他们的学科是宗教研究，社会哲学，知识社会学，文学，历史，政治学等。由于政治哲学的思想在十九世纪和二十世纪从个人主义的自由主义理论急剧转变为有机主义的集体主义和民族主义理论，本文的研究成果按时代的发展进行了相应的梳理，主要分为以下三个部分：第一部分论述了犹太民族与世纪西欧现代主权国家建立的关系，其中分析了以下主题：概述了这次相遇的历史背景，现代犹太社会理论的起源，犹太教科学中讨论的身份问题，第二部分论述了集体主义的产生，即集体主义的产生。风琴派的政治理论和二十世纪东欧犹太人的反应。第三部分论述了与以色列建国和犹太复国主义运动有关的几个问题。第四部分论述了犹太人问题的历史背景，主要包括：德国犹太人问题的文化背景、多种族国家中的犹太人问题、苏联犹太人面对共产主义的问题、极权国家中的种族理论、东欧文学中的犹太人身份问题。主要包括犹太人在阿拉伯穆斯林国家的地位、以色列的安全问题、犹太人与以色列人身份情结的冲突、以色列文学中的身份问题等。

This project focused on the three main purposes : Firstly, the reality and the ways of the modern Jewish identity crises, secondly, the characteristics of the modernization in the host countries concerned, and thirdly, identity problems in the state of Israel. Thirteen scholars from the different disciplines contributed to this program whose disciplines are the religious studies, social philosophy, intellectual sociology, literature, history, political science etc. As the ideas of the political philosophy has radically changed from the individualist liberal theories to the organist collectivist and nationalist theories in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the results of our research are accordingly arranged as the development of the time, being classified into three main parts as follows.The first part deals with the encounter of the Jewish people with the establishment of modern sovereign states in the nineteenth century in the Western Europe, in which following themes are analyzed : the overview of the historical context of this encounter, the origin of the modern Jewish social theories, the identity problems discussed in the Science of Judaism, and the meaning of the Jewish representation and symbols.The second Part deals with the emergence of the collectivist-organist political theories and the responses of the Jews in the Eastern Europe in the twentieth century. Here we have discussed such topics as the cultural background of the Jewish problems in Germany, Jewish problems in multi-racial states, Soviet Jewry facing communism, racial theories in the totalitarian state, and Jewish identity in East European literature.The third part deals with the several topics concerning the establishment of the state of Israel and the vicissitude of Zionism. Following articles are included in it ; the Jewish status in Arab Muslim countries, security problems in Israel, collisions of Jewish-Israeli identity complex, and identity problem in Israeli literature.