Study on the mechanisms of blooming and geographical expansion of toxic dinoflagellates in Southeast Asian waters

通过与菲律宾、越南等东南亚国家的科学家建立网络，取得了多项研究成果。东南亚红潮的致病种是夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）和巴哈门火碱（Pyrodinium bahamense），后者也被称为PSP毒素的产生者。此外，糠醛铈、最小原心铈和多核立方钴也普遍存在。野生鱼和养殖鱼因开花而大量死亡。系统发育分析表明，这些新种与温带地区的新种具有相同的特征。对水生资源（而不是对人类）有害的赤潮与有毒的赤潮的区分，对海产品的可持续性管理具有重要意义。在鱼类和贝类中引起毒素污染的微藻除了广泛繁殖的巴氏焦藻外，最近还在不同地点发现了一些麻痹性贝类毒素的产生者，如裸子藻、钩尾藻等。毒素污染和中毒是在这些新发现的物种开花的同一地区和时间发现的。被称为腹泻贝类毒素产生者的几种甲藻，如尾尾甲藻，也在东南亚水域发现，但它们的毒素产量尚未得到证实。对采自越南和菲律宾沿岸海域的健忘贝类毒素产生菌navis-varingica进行了毒素产率分析，结果显示大部分为阳性。初步调查发现该物种在亚洲水域分布相当广泛。未来的研究方向elisa试剂盒是近年来开发和发明的用于检测各种类型毒素的试剂盒。使用这些试剂盒，一个科学家可以同时分析某种生物的生物学和化学性质。这种情况使毒素生产者的检测更加容易。少

Various research results were obtained through the establishment of a network with scientists of Southeast Asian countries such the Philippines and Vietnam.1. Expansion of blooming area of red tide speciesRed tide causative species in Southeast Asia are Noctiluca scintillans and Pyrodinium bahamense, which is known as PSP toxin producer too. In addition to them Ceratium furca, Prorocentrum minimum and Cochlodinium polykrikoides became common widely. Mass mortality of wild and culture fish occurred due to their blooming. Phylogentical analysis showed that these newly bloomed species have same characters as those occurring in temperate area. Differentiation of red tide by a toxic species from those by a harmful species to aquatic resources, but not to people, became important for management of seafood sustainability.2. Microalgae causing toxin contamination in fish and shellfishIn addition to Pyrodinium bahamense that bloomed widely, several species such as Gymnodinium catenatum and Alex … More andrium minutum have been detected as paralytic shellfish toxin producers recently at various locations. Toxin contamination and poisoning are found at the same area and time of the blooming of these newly found species. Several species of Dinophysis, known as diarrhetic shellfish toxin producer, such as D. caudata are found also in Southeast Asian waters, but their toxin productivity could not be confirmed. Nitzschia navis-varingica, amnesic shellfish toxin producer, collected in Vietnamese and Philippine coast waters, were analyzed on their toxin productivity, and most of them showed positive results. In the preliminary survey distribution of the species was found quite wide in Asian waters.3. Future research directionELISA kits for detection of various types of toxins have been developed and invented recently. Using the kits it became possible for one scientist to analyze biological and chemical property of certain organism simultaneously. This situation makes detection of toxin producer much easier. Less