The comparative study of the firm management and its social and technical conditions between Sweden and Japan

1. 为了确定我们的英文合订书的最终结构，日本和瑞典的合著者于2007年3月和6月在哥德堡和名古屋召开了研究会议，讨论了该书的内容和预期结论。我们划分了详细的内容和每个作者的贡献部分，草稿的数量和截止日期。在我们撰写瑞典和日本生产系统的过渡过程时，我们同意我们所依赖的三个观点。一是各生产系统在多大程度上具有吸收产量波动的空间。二是什么样的条件影响了企业是引进新的生产制度还是改造现有生产制度的决策。三是关注生产系统之间的对应关系及其对应的分工和相应的学习策略。此外，我们认为我们应该区分生产系统的变化（特别是福特生产系统）和劳动分工的变化（特别是泰勒制）。为了适应这一新的趋势，我们对日本丰田集团旗下的九州、日产柴油、丰田本町、九州、大发九州、松田宇津、高滨昭树等工厂进行了研究，发现所有工厂都采用了“全流程”和“标准化流程订单”的概念。我们还发现减少了主线，许多组件被转移到分装配线进行组装和套件系统的零件供应。我们把这种新趋势看作是新丰田生产体系的第二阶段。考虑到这一新的国内趋势，我们在中国广州地区进行了汽车及其分包商移植的额外工厂研究。因此，我们发现国内的新趋势成为发展中国家如何组织器官移植的基本原则。

1. For the purpose of confirming the final structure of our English joint book Japanese and Swedish coauthors took the research meeting at Goteborg and Nagoya in March and June, 2007 and discussed about the book content and expected conclusions. We divided the detailed contents and each author's contribution part, the volume and the deadline of drafts. We agree with three viewpoints on which we rely while we write the transition process of production systems in Sweden and Japan. The first one is to what extent each production system has the room for absorbing production volume fluctuation. The second one is what kind of conditions influence over the decision making of introducing a new production system or transforming the existent one. The third one is to pay attention to the corresponding relationship among the production system, its corresponding division of labor and the corresponding learning strategy. In addition we think we should differentiate between the change of the production system (especially Ford production system) and one of the division of labor (especially Taylorism).2. To assume the new trend we had taken the plant research of Gifu-Shatai, Nissan Diesel, Toyota Motomachi, Toyota Kyushu, Daihatsu Kyushu, Matsuda Ujina, Toyota-Jido-Shokki Takahama etc.As the result we find that all plants take the concepts, Complete Process and Standardized Process Order within Toyota group in Japan. We also find the reduced main line, the fact that many components are transferred to the sub-assembly line to be assem'bled and the kit system for parts supply.3. We regard the new trend as the second stage of New Toyota Production System. Taking this new domestic trend into our consideration we had taken the additional plant research of transplants of the automobile and its sub-contractors in Guangzhou area, China. As a result we find the domestic new trend turns into the basic principle how to organize the transplant in developing country.