On an application of brain science to L1/L2 linguistic information processing mechanism : A brain-imaging-technique approach

我们花了2004学年的前半部分来准备研究实验，包括选择一种新的功能近红外光谱(FNIRS)模型。我们将最初的研究设计和研究问题调整为实际分配的研究经费，并将重点放在非对称性双语者和在度过传统关键时期后开始习得/学习的学习者。在这些参与者的帮助下，我们利用下半年的时间来监测参与者额叶和侧叶血液浓度模式的相对变化，关注任务类型、任务难度以及参与者Will与目标语之间的语言距离。与此同时，我们开始探索同时使用…和眼动记录系统的可能性。与上一学年下半年一样，我们主要进行了实验，以考察FNIR和眼动记录系统之间的语言距离之间的关系更多的EN参与者将与目标语言有关，关于参与者目标语言水平的任务的相对难度，以及学习的开始年龄。我们发现，LI属于印欧语系的参与者和非印欧语言背景的参与者在参与ESL任务时表现出不同的血液浓度模式，即使他们的熟练程度在传统纸质测试中看起来几乎相同。我们还获得了一些支持我们先前发现的证据，即大脑皮质激活的强度和参与者的熟练程度会形成倒U型。在2006学年，我们同时使用fNIRS和眼标记录器来监测参与者在参与多媒体系统提供的ESL阅读任务时的血液浓度模式和眼动。我们还获得了关于学习者使用多媒体材料的策略的数据。结果表明，被试的眼球运动包括被试的丘疹直径、额叶部分区域的激活水平和情境应对策略之间存在明显的关系。对汉字进行了一系列实验，并取得了值得注意的结果。针对汉语中的汉字及其声调，梁还研究了受试者的L1差异与左额叶血液浓度模式的关系。较少

We spent the former half of the academic year 2004 for preparation of research experiments, including the selection of a new model of fNIRS (functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy). We adjusted the initial research design and research questions to the actually allocated research grant and focused on asymmetrical bilinguals and learners who started their acquisition/learning after passing traditional critical periods. With the help of those participants, we used the latter half of the year to monitor the relative change of participants' blood concentration patterns of frontal and lateral lobes, paying attention to task types, task difficulties, and the linguistic distance between participants'Ll and the target language. At the same time, we started to explore the possibility of simultaneous use of fNIRS and eye-movement recording system.As in the latter half of the previous academic year, we primarily conducted experiments to examine the relationships among the linguistic distances betwe … More en participants'Ll and the target language, the relative difficulties of the tasks regarding participants' target language proficiencies, and the onset age of learning. We found that participants whose LI belonged to Indo-European language families and participants with non-Indo-European linguistic background showed different blood concentration patterns engaging in ESL tasks even if their proficiency levels looked virtually equal when estimated by traditional paper tests. We also obtained some supporting evidence for our previous finding that the strength of the cortical activation and the participants' proficiency would form an inverted U-shape.In academic year 2006, we used fNIRS and eye-mark recorder simultaneously to monitor participants' blood concentration patterns and eye-movements when they engaged in ESL reading tasks provided by a multimedia system. We also obtained data concerning learners' strategies to use multimedia material. The results indicated that there seems to be a clear relationship among the eye-movements including the diameter of participants' pupilla, the activation level of some parts of frontal lobe, and the situation-coping strategies.As another extension of fNIRS and its application to language science, Saito, et al. conducted a series of experiments on Kanji (Chinese characters) and obtained noteworthy results. Focusing on Chinese characters in Chinese language and their tonal aspect, Leung also investigated the relationship between participants'L1 difference and the blood concentration patterns of the left frontal lobe. Less