Study for genetic diversity of 'uzu'semi-dwarfbarley varieties in evolutionary, morphological and physiological aspects.

为了从进化、形态和生理等方面剖析半矮秆大麦品种‘uzu’的遗传多样性，本文从三个方面分析了‘uzu’品种的遗传多样性：(1)‘uzu’品种的系统发育；(2)‘uzu’品种在高温条件下对胚芽鞘出现突起等特定形态性状的遗传剖析；(3)愈伤组织生长和新梢再生能力等组织培养性状的生理多样性。结果表明：(1)对包括19个野生大麦品系在内的282份大麦材料的5个核位点的系统地理分析和2个性状的形态评价表明，分布在南亚和东亚的地方大麦品种与“西方”地区的地方大麦品种存在遗传差异。本研究调查的6份‘uzu’材料在5个位点中具有几乎相同的单倍型。这些证据有力地表明，“uzu”基因的来源是单一突变。(2)高温萌发条件下胚芽鞘上出现突起是“uzu”特有的形态特征之一，这是胚芽鞘除胚发生外的异位细胞分裂所致。对266个‘祖祖’材料的遗传性状评价和5个F2群体的分离分析表明，与该性状有关的遗传因子在祖祖’材料中具有遗传多样性。采用10 × 10半双列表进行双列分析，表明该性状受多个加性基因控制。(3)以3个独立的uzu基因大麦等基因系为材料，研究了外源生长素和细胞分裂素对芽鞘突起产生的影响。在低温条件下，虽然uzu系突起的出现减少，但生长素和细胞分裂素都促进了突起的出现。这些结果表明，生长素和细胞分裂素调节了突起的产生。这些结果表明，生长素和细胞分裂素调控着落在胚芽鞘上的出现

In order to dissect the diversity of semi-dwarf barley variety 'uzu' in evolutionary, morphological and physiological aspects , we analyzed the genetic diversity of barley uzu varieties from three view points:(1) phylogeny of 'uzu' accessions,(2) genetic dissection of the 'uzu' accession specific morphological trait including the emergence of projection on coleoptile under high temperature condition, and (3) the physiological diversity of tissue culture traits including callus growth and shoot regeneration capacity. Results from these studies are:(1) Phylogeographic analysis of five nuclear loci and morphological assessment of two traits in 282 barley accessions including 19 wild barley lines reveal that landraces distributed in South and East Asia are genetically distinct from those in 'Occidental' region. The six 'uzu' accessions investigated in this study possessed almost same haplotype among the five loci. These evidence strongly indicated that the origin of 'uzu' accessions was si … More ngle mutation even.(2) One of the 'uzu'-specific morphological traits, the emergence of projection on coleoptile under high temperature germination condition, is caused by ectopic cell division of coleoptiles apart from embryo genesis. Evaluation of this trait among 266 'uzu' accessions and segregation analysis of five F2 populations indicate that genetic factor (s) concerning to this character are genetically diverse within 'uzu' accessions. As the result of diallel analysis using 10 x 10 half diallel table, it is suggested that this trait is controlled by several additive genes.(3) Effects of exogenous auxin and cytokinin on the emergence of projection on coleoptile were examined in three independent isogenic lines of barley with uzu gene. Although the emergence of projection was reduced in uzu lines under low temperature condition, both auxin and cytokinin enhanced the emergence of projection. These results indicate that auxin and cytokinin regulate the emergence of projection. These results indicate that auxin and cytokinin regulate the emergence of projection on coleoptile Less