Atypical Workers and the Problems of Social Security System

在技术驱动和全球竞争的经济中，劳动力市场的结构已经多样化。在日本，伴随着劳动多样化的沿着变化，兼职、临时工、独立承包人等非典型劳动者的数量也在增加。非典型工人是现代企业经营和使工业在世界市场上更具竞争力所不可或缺的。但不管是什么原因，劳动力市场的变化给工薪阶层带来了两个严重的问题。一是他们的工资和福利过低。另一个是他们中的许多人脱离了社会保障制度，成为不受保护的人。在本研究中，我们分析了企业对非标准工人的行为，他们的家庭经济，以及社会保障政策如何为他们工作。我们特别关注失业保险、养老金、育儿假和家庭护理假，并主张对社会保障进行一些改革，使其覆盖所有类型的工人。

The structure of labor market has been diversified in technology-driven and globally competitive economy. A noted change in Japan along the diversification is the increasing number of atypical workers such as part-time workers, temporary workers, and independent contractors. They are indispensable to run modern business and make industries more competitive in the world market.There are a number of reasons for the indispensability of atypical workers. But whatever the reasons may be, the change in the labor market has posed two serious problems for the wage workers. One is that they are employed under unduly low wages and benefits. The other is that many of them fall out of and become unprotected by the social security system.In this study, we analyze the firm's behavior toward the nonstandard workers, their household economy, and how social security policies work for them. We pay a special attention to the unemployment insurance, pension, child care and family care leave and argue some changes to be made for the social security so that it covers all sorts of workers.