Research on the Founding Process of the New Universities & Colleges by Secondary School Corporations: How the Prefectural Subsidies has contributed to provide university & colleges?

本研究的目的在于厘清战后日本新大学的成立过程。我们知道了日本的高等教育大部分是由私立机构提供的，我们也知道，一半以上的新私立大学或学院是由中学法人创办的。另一方面，县政府的补贴现在几乎达到中学法人收入的30%。由以上事实，本研究认为补助金额之多寡，可能与中学法人对大专院校之供给有关。本研究最初提出的“大学可以通过县政府补贴的方式，从中学法人那里获得经费”的假设，并没有得到直接的验证。另一方面，都道府县对私立高中的补助，在实现高中普及化的过程中发挥着重要作用。这与我们的假设有间接的关系：第一，由于通过补助，高中升学率得以维持，中学法人获得了利润。第二，进入高中的学生增加了对高等教育的需求，从而扩大了高等教育的市场，相应地，市场的扩大给了许多中学公司开办大学或学院的动力。

The purpose of this research is to clarify how new universities or colleges were founded in the postwar Japan. We know. that most of Japanese higher education has been provided by the private sector, and also we know that more than half of new private universities or colleges were founded by secondary school corporations. In other side, prefectural subsidies now almost reach to 30 percent of the revenues of secondary school corporations. From these facts, we thought that the subsidy would be related to the supply of university & college from a secondary school corporation.The results of our research are as follows:1. Our original hypothesis that universities or colleges could be supplied from secondary school corporations by accumulating prefectural subsidies is not directly supported.2. The other side, prefectural subsidies to private high schools play an important part toward the universal access to high schools for all students.This is indirectly related to our hypothesis: First, since the high school ratio of students going on to higher schools was highly maintained by the subsidy, the secondary school corporation obtained profits. Second, the many students entering high schools increased the demand for higher education, therefore it expanded the market of higher education.Accordingly the expansion of the market has given many secondary school corporations a motivation to launch universities or colleges.