Arms race of host and parasite: Coevolutionary dynamics and ecological correlates

寄主和寄生物的相互适应常常使它们参与相互作用性状的进化军备竞赛。我在此介绍军备竞赛的人口和遗传耦合动力学的三个理论模型，并讨论这些模型在理解不同进化结果的条件（例如，无休止的共同进化周期、寄主单方面裁军、寄生虫中出现代价高昂的超级物种）和病虫害管理（例如，日本稻瘟病的多系控制）方面取得的突破。我讨论的模型是：(1)多个植物抗性基因及其病原体中相应的毒力基因的共同进化，(2)寄主对内部寄生蜂抗性机制的投入程度和寄生蜂对对策的投入程度的共同进化，(3)共同进化性状的相关地理分布，茶树果皮厚度和专性种子捕食者象鼻虫的茎台长度取决于茎台长度和果皮厚度的差异。

Mutual adaptation of host and parasite often makes them engaged in the evolutionary arms race of interacting traits. I here introduce three theoretical models of coupled demographic and genetic dynamics for arms races, and discuss breakthroughs, made by the models, in the understanding of the conditions for different evolutionary outcomes (e.g. the endless coevolutionary cycles, the unilateral disarmament by host, the emergence of costly superrace in parasite) and in the pest/disease managements (e.g. multiline control of rice blast disease in Japan). The models I discuss are for (1) the coevolution of multiple plant, resistance genes and the corresponding virulence genes in their pathogens, (2) the coevolution of the extents to which the host invests to resistance mechanisms against internal parasitoid and the parasitoid does to countermeasures, (3)the correlated geographical dine of coevolving traits, the pericarp thickness of camellia and the rostrum length of obligate seed predator weevil in which the boring success depends on the difference in rostrum length and pericarp thickness.