Migration, Labor and Life of Adjacent Countries Laborers in Thailand

通过第一年在泰缅边境省份的广泛调查，第二年调查后选择德省作为密集劳动调查的主要对象，由于其他先例调查研究大多集中在纤维厂工人的调查中，我们决定增加农业、建筑和销售等其他工种。我们尝试采用问卷调查和自由访谈两种调查方法。这个边境德省纤维产业集群形成的背景是大规模工厂从曼谷大都市区转移和迁移到这里，以雇用缅甸方面的低工资工人。基本工资的支付取决于计件工资。已在工业部登记的大型合法工厂的工作条件相对较好，但许多未在工业部登记的非法工厂和小作坊却处于艰苦的劳动条件下，所有的农业工作，无论是平地的稻田，还是山区的菜地，都由缅甸人和克伦人独自完成，他们通常住在劳作的田地里，泰国农民根本不在农场劳动，只是控制和检查缅甸工人。在建筑、销售商店等方面，缅甸人和泰国人的这种分工几乎是相同的情况。他们没有移民局的官方护照，在这个意义上是非法的，但根据泰国政府的特殊就业政策，他们有多种工作许可证，从这个意义上说，他们是半合法的。

By the first year's broad survey in the border provinces between Thailand and Burma, we selected Tak province as the main target of intensive labor survey after the second year survey.As most of all other precedent survey researches are intensified into those of fiber factory laborers, we decided to add such other kinds of works as agriculture, construction and saleswomen. We tried to use both survey methods of questionnaire and free interview. The background of cluster formation of fiber industries in this border Tak province is the transfer and migration of big scale factories from the Bangkok metropolitan areas to this place, in order to employ the lower wage workers from the Burma side. The basic wage payment depends upon the piece work. The legal factories of big scale, which have registered to the Industry Ministry, are comparatively better working conditions, but many illegal factories and workshops of small scale, which have not registered there, are rather in the harder working conditions, All of the agriculture work, both of rice field in the flat areas, and vegetable fields in the mountainous areas are solely done by the Burmese and the Karen, who usually lives in the working fields, and the Thai farmers do not work on the farm at all, but merely control and inspect the Burmese workers. In construction, sales shop, etc., such division of labor between the Burmese and the Thai are almost in the same situation. They have no official passport of immigration office, and they are illegal in this sense, but they have many kinds of Work Permit Card by the special employment policy of the Thai government, and they are semi-legal in this sense.