Modernization and Dynamism of Shamanism among the Ladakhi in Western Tibet

现代化和全球化不仅使世界各地的地方社区面临着剧烈的政治和经济变化，而且也使其传统文化进入了动态的变化过程。虽然人们普遍认为现代化带来了宗教的世俗化，但萨满教或萨满教习俗往往被视为在地方社区得到坚定的维护，甚至重新焕发活力。本研究旨在通过对生活在印度控制的西藏西部山区边境的拉达克人进行深入的实地研究，首次阐明印度独立以来的现代化和萨满教的现实。第二个目标是从人类学的角度阐明现代化下确保拉达克萨满教活力的机制。研究报告的这一部分是根据对目前实地数据和1980年代收集的数据的比较分析。

Modernization and globalization not only has made local communities in the world face drastic political and economic changes, but also has thrown their traditional cultures into dynamic process of changes. Although it is generally suggested that modernization brings secularization of religions, shamanism or shamanistic practices are often observed to be firmly maintained or even revitalized in local communities. This study aimed to first shed light on modernization since the independence of India and the realities of shamanism today on the basis of intensive field research of the Ladakhi living in the mountainous border of Indian controlled Western Tibet. The second goal was to illuminate from an anthropological viewpoint the mechanism that ensured the dynamism of Ladakhi shamanism under modernization. This part of the study was based on a comparative analysis of current field data and those collected during the 1980s.