Ethical and legal considerations related to human enhancement-a comparison of the situations in Japan, Germany, the United States, and Switzerland.

本研究讨论了在德语国家、美国和日本与所谓的“人类增强”相关的伦理、法律和社会问题。将增强作为一种用于治疗或非治疗目的的东西的有限关注将阻碍一个新的研究领域的开放。通过一个名为“欲望驱动的医学”（德语：wunscherfuellede Medizin）的新概念，本研究试图将增强置于更广泛的医学文化背景下。并从哲学人类学的角度和不同的文明视角出发，发展一套关于增强的理论。

This study discusses the ethical, legal, and social issues related to so-called "human enhancement" in German-speaking countries, the United States, and Japan. A limited focus on enhancement as something used for either therapeutic or non-therapeutic purposes will deter the opening of a new field of inquiry. With a new concept called "desire-driven medicine"(in German, wunscherfuellede Medizin), this study attempts to place enhancement in the context of the wider medical culture. and to develop a theory on enhancement from the standpoint of philosophical anthropology and varying perspectives on civilization.