The function of orality in the written German of the 18th century. A sociopragmatic and metalinguistic study

大约在1750年，在整个德语地区最终接受了高级德语书面语后，有学问的人有了这样的想法，即他们在正式场合说话时，应该像他们写东西一样。城市口语德语作为标准书面语和方言语言接触的结果，促进了标准书面语的扁平化：具有僵化和形式化倾向的标准语言通过口语德语获得了灵活性。这一标准化语言的过程可以用18世纪下半叶非正式称谓代词“都”的日益增多的语境来解释。

After the final acceptance of the High German Written Language in the overall German-speaking area about 1750, learned people had the conception that they should speak in official situations just as they wrote. The urban colloquial German as a result of language contact of the standard written language and dialects promoted the flattening of standard written German: The standard language with its tendency to rigidity and formality acquired its flexibility through the spoken colloquial German. This process of leveling standard language can be explained in the same context as the increasing usage of the informal addressing pronoun "du" in the second half of the 18th century.