Comparative studies in violence and social integration in ancient Greece

停滞（派系斗争）是古希腊城邦固有的社会现象，许多城邦都遭受过这种现象。在内乱时使用暴力有时会导致城邦社会的解体，但与此同时，公民们努力避免暴力，并通过言论自由和协议恢复一体化。公元前5世纪和前4世纪的民主雅典，通过确保在公共领域不使用暴力的情况下通过讨论解决政治分歧的机会，最成功地构建了社会政治制度，以实现一体化。

Stasis (factional strife) was a social phenomenon inherent in ancient Greek poleis, and many city-states suffering from it can be observed. Using violence at the time of civil strife could sometimes lead to disintegration of a polis society, but at the same time the citizens struggled to avoid it and restore the integration through free speech and agreement. Democratic Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE most successfully constructed socio-political institutions for her integration by securing the opportunities for political disagreements to be solved through discussions in a public sphere without using violence.