Breeding of high rutin content variety in common buckwheat

荞麦是唯一一种含有芦丁的食用谷物。芦丁作为荞麦的主要生物学特性，可引起人体毛细血管脆性的增加，与某些出血性疾病或高血压有关，因此选育高芦丁含量的荞麦品种是荞麦育种的重要目标之一。建立了芦丁的高效液相色谱微量定量测定方法，并从1992年开始对普通荞麦品种“博丹荞麦”进行了高芦丁含量的单株选择。经过7代，建立了一个含芦丁比原品种高5 - 6倍的品系。从实用角度出发，对这一高芦丁品系进行了三年的农艺性状研究。新品系比原品种推迟开花2 ~ 3天，株高降低数厘米。新品系的种子产量和碾磨品质与原品种无差异。1999年，我们在这个新品系上申请了新品种登记。为了培育芦丁含量更高的荞麦品种，考察苦荞麦和金荞麦种子中芦丁的含量是普通荞麦的100倍左右。这些材料可作为超高芦丁含量品种的育种材料，并已利用胚珠挽救技术获得了与普通荞麦的种间杂种。将F. homoptropicum自交亲和性导入具有典型异型柱自交不亲和性的普通荞麦，提高了其芦丁含量的选择效率，并建立了种间杂种优势。目前，利用这些近缘种和种间杂交选育超高芦丁含量品种的研究正在进行中。

Buckwheat is the only one edible grain which contains rutin. As main biological property, rutin alleviates the increase in capillary fragility associated with some hemorrhagic diseases or hypertension in man. So breeding of high rutin content variety is one of the most important objectives in common buckwheat. We established the micro quantitative determination method of rutin using HPLC and have been carrying out individual selection for high rutin content in common buckwheat cultivar "Botan-soba" since 1992. After seven generations, a line containing rutin five or six times more than original variety has been established. This high rutin content line has been investigated on agronomical characters for three years from practical view point. Days to flowering was two or three days later and plant height was several centimeter shorter in the new line than in original variety. There were no differences in seed yield and milling quality between the new line and original variety. Then we applied for new cultivar registration on this new line in 1999. To make much higher rutin content variety, rutin contents in wild relatives of common buckwheat, Fagopyrum spp., were investigated. F.tataricum and F.cymosum contain rutin in seed about 100 times more than common buckwheat. These are useful as breeding material for super high rutin content variety and interspecific hybrids between common buckwheat and them have been already obtained by using ovule rescue technique. And introduction of self-compatibility from F.homptropicum into common buckwheat, which has typical heterostylous self-incompatibility that cause low efficiency in individual selection, will raise selection efficiency for rutin content, also interspecific hybids between them has been established. Now, breeding research on super high rutin content variety using these relatives and interspecific hybridization are in progress.