Intervention study to evaluate effect of physical and mental training for frail older people.

体育锻炼有望改善和维持老年人的身体机能。尽管体育锻炼如此重要，但人们对体育锻炼对老年人的有益影响知之甚少。采用随机对照试验的方法，将65名60岁及以上符合条件的老年人随机分为运动组和对照组，以评价运动训练对老年人的影响。锻炼组的受试者被要求参加仙台银器中心的培训课程，仙台银器中心是一家市政卫生福利机构，每周两到三次，持续25周。两个小时的训练课包括耐力训练、主要肌肉的阻力训练等。对照组每月参加两次中心娱乐课，在最大耗氧量(VO_2max)、肌力、自测…等指标上均有明显改善更多的家庭血压(HBP)、日常生活中的体力活动和运动能力。运动组与对照组相比，最大摄氧量增加2.1ml/kg/min。这一结果相当于参与者的有氧能力年轻了五年。屈肘肌力增加2.4 kg(16.6%)。运动组收缩压下降7.7 mm Hg，舒张压下降3.4 mm Hg。高血压的这种下降幅度可与发展为脑血管疾病的风险降低20%相媲美。运动组每天的体力活动能量消耗也增加了2.0千卡/公斤(5%)。运动组受试者在训练结束后6个月VO2max维持不变或略有增加，并对受试者进行跟踪观察，以观察运动训练的远期效果。我们还将进一步研究制定锻炼计划，以在可行的专业参与水平上促进老年人在家中或社区中的习惯性体育活动。较少

Physical exercise is expected to improve and maintain physical function in older people. In spite of such importance, there is only limited knowledge on the beneficial effects of physical exercise for older people. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of exercise training for older people by a method of randomized controlled trial.Sixty-five eligible participants, aged 60 years and over, were randomly allocated to either exercise group or control group. The subjects in the exercise group were asked to attend training classes at the Sendai Silver Center, a municipal health and welfare, twice or three times a week for 25 weeks. Two-hour training class was consisted of endurance training, resistance training of major muscles, and so forth. The subjects in the control group were asked to attend recreational classes at the Center twice a month.Significant improvement was indicated in such measures as maximum oxygen consumption (VO_2max), muscle strength, self-measure … More d blood pressure at home (HBP), physical activity at daily life, and motor performance. As compared with the control group, VO_2max in the exercise group increased by 2.1 ml/kg/min. This result is equivalent to the participants becoming younger in aerobic capacity by five years. Muscle strength of elbow flexor increased by 2.4 kg (16.6%). HBP in the exercise group decreased by 7.7 mmHg at systolic and by 3.4 mmHg at diastolic. This magnitude of decrease in HBP is comparable as the decrease in the risk of developing cerebrovascular diseases by 20%. Daily energy consumption by physical activity also increased in the exercise group by 2.0 kcal/kg (5%). VO_2max of the subjects at the exercise group was maintained or slightly increased at 6 months after the training session.We would follow up the study subjects in order to examine the long-term effect of exercise training. We also would further the studies to develop exercise programs to enhance habitual physical activities among older people at home or community at a feasible level of professional involvement. Less