The study of a mechanism for occurrence of bud sport and a method of identification of bud sport strains in apple

本研究旨在阐明苹果花蕾运动的发生机理，为苹果优良品系的筛选提供一种有效的方法。主要研究结果如下：1.比较了光照和温度对‘津格鲁’红色运动品系和真实型‘津格鲁’苹果花青素积累的影响。红色运动菌株对紫外光的响应度大于‘津格鲁’。‘Tsugaru’和Red品系的花青素积累对温度的响应没有明显差异。光处理的红色运动品系苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性较高。测定了红色运动品系的花色苷和类黄酮类成分，并与‘津格鲁’进行了比较。花青素和类黄酮的组成没有明显差异，但这些物质的含量在红色运动品系中高于‘津格鲁’，表现出更高的代谢活性…更多的是类黄酮类代谢。利用扩增片段长度多态(AFLP)技术对苹果品种进行了鉴定。每对引物组合扩增39~80条限制性片段，扩增出与亲缘关系较近的苗期品种不同的多态条带。然后对这项技术进行了测试，以确定AFLP图谱在品种和运动之间是否有所不同。61对引物共扩增出约2850条带，其中2株富士和3株运动树的条带完全相同。然而，这些乐队中的一支没有出现在运动树上。这些结果表明，AFLP可能会产生一种有用的DNA标记，用于辅助植物育种者专利的商业化保护。对苹果基因组中发现的两个转座子进行了鉴定。MD-SINE1位于MD-ACS1基因5‘侧翼区。其结构特征表明该元件是逆转录酶基团的成员。玛金发现的一个与果皮颜色基因连锁的RAPD标记高度重复，估计每个单倍体基因组的基因数约为6000个。这些元件被应用于基于转座子的DNA指纹分析。较少

The purpose of this research is to clarify the mechanism of the occurrence of bud sport in apple and to develop a effective method for selecting a superior strains. The main conclusions drawn from the results are as follows.1.The effects of light and temperature on anthocyanin accumulation in 'Tsugaru' red sport strains were compared to true -to-type 'Tsugaru' apple. The responsiveness of red sport strains to -UV Iight was larger than that of 'Tsugaru'. There were no clear difference between 'Tsugaru' and red strains for anthocyanin accumulation in response to temperature. The higher phenylalanine-ammonlalyase (PAL) activity was found in red sports strains with light treatment. The composition of anthocyanin and flavonoids of red sport strains were determined and compared to 'Tsugaru'. There were no clear differences in composition of anthocyanin and flavonoids, but the amount of these substances were higher in red sport strains than in 'Tsugaru', which show a higher metabolic activity … More in flavonoid metabolism.2. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) was used to identify apple cultivars. The technique amplified 39 to 80 restriction fragments per primer combination and yielded polymorphic bands that can distinguish from those of closely related seedling cultivars. The technique was then tested to establish whether or not AFLP patterns differ between a cultivar and its sport. Sixty-one primer pairs produced about 2850 bands which were completely identical among two 'Fuji' and three sports trees. However, one of these bands was absent from one of sports tree. These results indicate that AFLP may produce a useful DNA marker for assisting in commercial protection of plant breeders patents. Two transposable elements found in apple genome were characterized. Md-SINE1 was found in the 5' flanking region of Md-ACS1 gene. Its structural feature showed that this element was a member of retroposon group. Majin discovered in the RAPD marker linked a fruit skin color gene was highly reiterated and its number was estimated to be around 6000 per haploid genome. These elements were applied to transposon-based DNA fingerprinting. Less