Urban Seismic Risk Management Strategies - Development of High-Performance Infrastructure Systems

这个联合研究项目集中于以下三个主题。城市地震灾害风险诊断城市结构和土地利用管理的缓解战略城市生命线系统升级战略及其评价方法主要研究成果有：1999年2月17日至19日，在东京的京都大学防灾研究所和经社会馆举行了一次联合研究研讨会。他们召集了8名美国研究人员和10名日本研究人员。研讨会主要讨论了为减轻地震对城市设施造成的破坏而开发高技术和先进材料的问题。系统地审查了这类技术和材料的现状，并讨论了它们的未来前景。关于城市地震风险的影响，日本和美国都进行了调查。从特大城市规划管理和地震灾害风险管理两方面进行了比较分析。【环评3】对人类生命和活动损失的估算方法进行了研究，并以阪神-浅路地震灾害为例进行了研究，结果发现，地震发生后，浅路的经济损失估计为2万亿日元，经过18年的衰减期后，其间接损失总额可能达到10万亿日元。【环带4】联合研究促进了日美在地震城市灾害及其风险管理方面的研究网络的协同扩展，这主要得益于日美两国研究人员在个人层面上的多次访问和讨论。此外，2月的京都联合研讨会（见【环带1】）和3月的索纳马会议（Sonama Meeting）也有助于我们的日美合作。美国的研究网络更加强大。

This joint research project has focused the following three themes.【encircled1】 Urban diagnosis of seismic disaster risk【encircled2】 Mitigation strategies for urban structure and land use management【encircled3】 Strategies for upgrading urban lifeline systems and their evaluation methodsThe major research results are :【encircled1】 A joint research seminar was held at both the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, and the Kyosai Kaikan in Tokyo, for the period February 17-19, 1999, by gathering eight researchers from U. S and ten researchers from Japan. The seminar discussed primarily the development of high-technology and advanced materials for mitigating earthquake damages to urban facilities. The state of the arts of such technologies and material has systematically be reviewed and their future prospects have been discussed.【encircled2】 Investigation has been carried out both in Japan and U. S., regarding the effects on urban seismic risk. Comparative analyses have been performed from the viewpoint of both planning and management of megalopolises and risk management of seismic disaster.【encircled3】 Methods of estimating losses to human life and activities have been examined, with a case study on the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, It has been found that the estimated Awaji-economic losses of the disaster immediately after the earthquake amounted to 2 trillion yen, and their overall indirect losses after a 18 year decaying period may amount to 10 trillion yen.【encircled4】 The joint research has contributed to the synergetic extension of Japan-US research networks related to seismic urban disaster and its risk management, mainly due to numerous visits and discussions achieved on individual researcher levels between Japan and U. S. In addition, the Kyoto joint seminar in February, (see【encircled1 】) and the Sonama Meeting in March have helped our Japan-U. S research network even more strengthened.