Study on Participatory Infrastructure Development Planning Systems with Conflicts of Interests Explicitly Considered

本研究分析了公共基础设施的参与过程。在具有不同价值判断的众多公民共存的现代社会中，协调与合作对于社会基础设施的有效决策是必不可少的，特别是日本作为一个经济迅速成熟的国家，在公共规划中没有明确处理社会冲突。本项目通过对北美地区公众参与及其相关制度的考察，阐明了日本公共规划中参与式决策的主要结构。在项目的第一年，对日本和其他参与性规划进行了实况调查。此外，作为理论工作的基础，一些相关的博弈论的概念和工具，通过几个研究会议澄清。在项目的第二年，利益相关者之间的意见收集过程被建模为一个游戏模型，协调员/第三方专业人士的角色和参与被澄清。此外，通过对加拿大安大略省相关机构的访谈，对参与式机构和促进技术进行了研究。在项目的最后一年，参与过程的以下方面进行了建模和分析。它们是：意见汇集过程，专业人员在这一过程中的作用，以及参与者的认知结构。另一方面，参与过程中的其他制度问题，很难建模成数学公式，特别是通过参考北美系统，得到了澄清。这些结果提供了参与过程的缺点和优点的结构信息，并可以有助于日本参与政策的日本基础设施规划的建设。项目成果的主要部分已列入项目报告。

This research analyzes participatory processes for public infrastructures. In modern society where many citizens with various value judgments co-exist, coordination and cooperation for efficient decision on social infrastructures is mandatory, especially Japan as a quickly economically matured country without explicit treatments of social conflicts on public planning. Based on investigations on public participation and related institutions in the North America, this project clarifies the key structures of participatory decision making in public planning in Japan. For the first year of the project, the fact findings on Japanese and other participatory planning are performed. Also, as basis for theoretical works some related game theoretic concepts and tools are clarified through the several research meetings. In the second year of the projects, opinion-aggregation process among stakeholders is modeled as a game model, and roles and involvement of the coordinator/third professional party is clarified. Moreover, participatory institutions and facilitation techniques were investigated by the interview with relevant institutions in Ontario, Canada. In the final project year, the following aspects of participatory processes are modeled and analyzed. They are : opinion-aggregation process, roles of professionals in the process, and cognitive structure of participants. On the other hand, other institutional problems in participatory processes that are hardly modeled into mathematical formula are descriptively clarified especially by referring to the North American systems. These results provide structural information on vice and virtue of participatory process, and can contribute to the building of the Japanese participatory policy of Japanese infrastructure planning. Main part of the project results had been put in the project report.