Culture Conservation and Development in African Rain Forest

连续实地调查的结果表明，在这些国家的热带林区，由于商品经济尚未完全渗透，由于近年来政治形势的恶劣和商品木材的广泛而迅速的扩张，各种农业集团纷纷迁移，组成混合集团村，种植经济作物（中非共和国），人口外流和农村人口减少取得进展（刚果共和国）。农民族群凝聚力减弱，族际关系发生了变化。阿卡族是一个觅食民族，他们被剥夺了维持生存和宇宙观的森林环境，并失去了与邻近农民群体的社会和经济联系。于是，阿卡逐渐变成了小农耕者或杂役，而他们的民族身份也逐渐丧失，以维护自然保护区或公园为最高目标的野生动物保护非政府组织与欧美国家的木材公司有着密切的联系，木材公司不得不考虑公众对自然保护的意见。保护非政府组织鼓励木材公司和政府严格管制森林居民和劳动者的狩猎。木材公司和公园管理办公室森林当地居民被迫接受木材公司对木材和野生动物等有用森林产品的稀缺性的概念，自然保育非政府机构和政府，而不考虑他们的文化和利益。如何“种族”的身份和相互间-群体关系在外部经济和政治压力下重构，混乱是下一个需要解决的问题。

The result of the continuous field survey are following points.In the tropical forest area of these countries, where the commercial economy has not been penetrated absolutely, various farming groups have moved and constituted mixed-group village to cultivate cash crop owing to the recent bad political situation and wide and rapid expansion of commercial timber (Republic of Central Africa), and population outflow and depopulation of farmer villages has progressed (Republic of Congo). The cohesion of ethnic groups of farmers has become weak and inter-ethnic relationship also has been transformed. The Aka, forager ethnic group, has been deprived of the forest environment which sustains their subsistence and cosmology, and has lost social and economic tie with neighboring farmer groups. Then, Aka has been changing into petty cultivators or daily laborers, while they are loosing their ethnic identity.Wild life conservation NGOs, whose supreme objective is to maintain nature reserves or parks, have close connection with timber company who have to be so considerate toward public opinion on the nature conservation in Europe and United States. Conservation NGOs encourage the timber companies and Government to regulate hunting strictly to the forest inhabitants and laborers. Timber companies and administrative office of parks The forest local habitants are obliged to accept the conception of scarcity of useful forest product, such as timber, and wild animals by timber company, nature conservation NGO and the Government without regard to their culture and interests.How "ethnic" identities and inter-group relationship is reconstructed towards economic and political pressure from outside and confusion is the next subject to be solved.