A Study of the Evolution of Buddhisit Art from India to China

本研究的目的是更加具体和具体地追溯佛教艺术从印度到中国的演变过程--它是如何传播到中国身上，并根据民族和历史背景而转化和发展的，主要是关于菩萨(特别是观世音菩萨)、八世菩萨、五尊秘佛的图像学，并澄清这些意象的几个方面。首先，我们通过对遗址和博物馆的田野调查，包括拍摄照片以收集研究材料。(1)1998年8月22日~9月9日，四川省中国(2)1998年12月22日~1999年1月13日印度的安得拉邦和奥里萨邦(3)1999年7月5日~1999年8月11日，印度的甘肃省(4)1999年12月19日~2000年1月8日，孟加拉国和中印度(5)2000年9月1日~2000年9月31日，巴基斯坦的北部省份上述实地调查为我们的研究提供了大量的材料和数据，使我们能够扩展我们的知识。有关调查的进一步细节，请参阅报告。全文共分四章：一、研究综述；二、研究路线与地图；三、遗址博物馆概述；四、研究综述，附以大量图表。第四章收录的论文主要集中在《菩萨像与八大菩萨的发展》、《秘宗菩萨》、《秘宗五佛》的研究上。由代表、参与者和贡献者进行的个人研究以科学论文、书籍或报纸报道的形式发表。

The aim of this study are to more concretely and demostratively trace the process of the evolution of Buddhist Art from India to China-how it was propagated into China, transformed and developed depending on the peoples and the historical background, mainly on the iconography of Bodhisattvas (especially Avalokitesvara Bodhisattvas), Eight Mahabodhisattvas, Five esoteric Buddhas, and clarify several aspects of those images.First, we approach this study with the field survey of sites and museums as below, including taking photographs to collect materials for study.(1) Aug.22,1998〜Sep.9, Sichuan provine in China(2) Dec.22,1998〜Jan.13,1999, Andra Pradesh and Orissa in India(3) Jul.5,1999〜Aug.11,1999, Gansu province in India(4) Dec.19,1999〜Jan, 8,2000, Bangladesh and Central India(5) Sep.1,2000〜Sep.31,2000, Northern province in PakistanThe above-mentioned field survey brought us a number of materials and data for our study and enabled us to extend our knowledge. For further details of investigations, you can see the report. It consists of four chapters namely I.Summary of Research and Study, II.Research Itinerary and Maps, III.The Summary of Sites and Museums and IV.Studies, with plenty of plates and figures attached. Papers collected in Chapter IV are mainly on the studies of'Development of Bodhisattva images and Eight Mahabodhisattvas', 'Esoteric Bodhisattvas' and 'Esoteric Buddhas (Five Dhyani Buddhas)'. Individual studies by a representative, participants and contributors have been published as scientific essays, books or newspaper accounts.