Social Change and Sustainability of Pastoral Societies

牧场植被在降雨后的两个月内恢复。在雨季和旱季降雨量相差较大的地区，骆驼在雨季放牧。在有稳定水域的地区，它们在旱季被放牧。国家公园和动物保护地过去一直是完全封闭的，但最近从支持当地牧民的角度出发，对它们进行了宽容的放牧活动的管理。高出生率和低死亡率的趋势被认为是伦德尔的人口结构。从生活需求交易的角度，阐明了支持他们共处的社会机制。生活用具往往是妇女在亲属关系框架内赠送和接受的。他们的关系补充了他们丈夫的关系，这些关系通过牲畜交易相互联系在一起。种群数量的增长大于骆驼的增长。新的白天放牧方式是为了弥补牧民的不足而设计的。向郊区的定居逐渐发生。积极将挖井活动作为安置化的基础设施。现金经济的渗透加强了牧民与商户之间的信用交易，试点农庄到城郊吸收了许多被认为是偏离常人的妇女家庭。然而，他们在血缘和氏族关系方面与游牧聚落保持着密切的联系。试点农场村的牛奶销售作为妇女的一种自给自足的手段是重要的，这是由家庭经济多样化所激活的。桑布鲁保持着由传统的牲畜交易和现金经济组成的二元经济。他们利用镇上的牲畜拍卖，为了更好地繁衍牲畜，而不是为了省钱。

Rangeland vegetation recovers in the two months after the rainfall. Camels are herded in the rainy season in the area with a greater difference of rainfall between the rainy and dry seasons. In the area with stable water places, they are herded in the dry season. National parks and animal protection reserves had been exclusively enclosed in the past, but recently they are managed with forgiving herding activities from the view-point of supporting local herders.The tendency of higher birth rate with lower death rate is recognized as the demographic structure of the Rendille. The social mechanism that supports their coxistence is clarified in terms of the transaction of living needs. The living utensils are frequently given and received among women within the frame of their kinship relations. Their relationships complements their husbands' relations which are interconnected by livestock transactions. The population growth is greater than that of camels. New way of day's herding is devised in order to make up for lack of the herders. The sedentarization to the suburbs progressively occurred. The activities of well digging are positively made as an infrastructure of the sedentarization. The credit transaction of herders with the shop merchants is strengthened by the permeation of the cash economy.The pilot farm villages to the suburbs of town absorb many woman households that are considered a deviation persons. They, however, keeps close connection with the nomadic settlements in terms of kinship and clanship. Milk sales in the pilot farm village are important as a self-supporting means of the woman, which are activated by the diversification of household economy. The Samburu keeps dual economy which is composed of the traditional livestock transaction and cash economy. They use livestock auctions in the town in order to prefer the reproduction of their livestock to the money-saving.