Intergenerational Studies Consortium: Understanding Mechanisms of Family Substance Use Transmission and Effects of Marijuana Legalization

项目摘要 我们建议研究酒精、烟草和其他药物(ATOD)使用的代际传播，包括 三代人(G1、G2和G3)的大麻使用情况以及国家娱乐用大麻合法化的影响 (RML)关于青少年使用的。我们将采取以下策略：(1)深入研究长期前瞻性的三个 代际研究(3GS)，由高危儿童(G3)中最多两名亲生儿童组成的社区样本 俄勒冈州青年研究(OYS)中的成年男性(G2)；(2)通过与 另外两个研究团队，使用西雅图社会发展和代际项目的数据 (SSDP/TIP)和罗切斯特青年发展和代际研究(RYDS/RICS)；和(3) 综合数据分析(IDA)涵盖了这3项研究，涉及多达1200名来自不同社会经济、 区域、种族/民族背景，以回答影响较大的问题，包括关于国家RML和使用 普及率较低的药物。对于OYS/3GS，参与的是G1父母和G2男性(目前年龄41-44岁) 因为G2的年龄是9-10岁。OYS男性表现出高水平的物质使用(Est.50%的终生诊断 酒精依赖或滥用，以及25岁左右使用大麻的50%的流行率)。G2男人，他们的G3 子代，G2的母亲被招募到3GS，并跟踪从G3的S童年早期到(最早出生的 G3)青春期晚期。将通过收集和分析数据来解决具体目标， 通过青春期扩大G3样本量，以检查ATOD生长的异质性。 已经并将评估G2和G3的ATOD的多个指标，以解决代际(IG)问题 与免疫球蛋白一致性相关的假设(ATOD使用发展模式的代际相似性 包括开始、发展和影响)与间断性，以及使用轨迹的异质性 青春期。一种动态的发展系统方法，同时关注一般(例如，外部化)和 特定物质(例如，父母使用大麻)的风险因素将被用来追踪发育途径，以 前兆(例如，ATOD意识)、紧急行为(实验和发病)、常规和 从儿童早期到青春期后期，个人对ATOD的使用不断增加。IG同余 与中断的对比将与背景风险和问题的传递相关 三代人的行为，以及两代人的育儿行为和同辈影响。 将审查IG一致性的调解人和主持人，包括父母和孩子的性别和因素 导致IG的改善而不是ATOD使用的恶化。关于RML，在-(RML之前到RML后)和 将研究儿童之间(生活在RML州内/外)对大麻和其他ATOD使用的影响， 伴随着母体物质使用历史对这种影响的缓和。拟议的研究利用了3个 美国国立卫生研究院对IG研究的数十年投资，以了解和阻断ATOD使用的家族传播 并量化国家RML对来自不同背景的青少年的公共卫生影响。

Project Summary We propose to study intergenerational transmission of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use, including marijuana use, across 3 generations (G1, G2, and G3), and effects of state recreational marijuana legalization (RML) on adolescents’ use. We will use a strategy of (1) intensive study of the long-term prospective Three Generational Study (3GS), a community sample consisting of up to two of the biological children (G3) of at-risk adult men (G2) in the Oregon Youth Study (OYS); (2) replications across three studies via collaborations with two other research teams, using data from the Seattle Social Development and Intergenerational Projects (SSDP/TIP) and the Rochester Youth Development and Intergenerational Studies (RYDS/RIGS); and (3) integrative data analysis (IDA) across these 3 studies on up to 1,200 G3 children of diverse socioeconomic, regional, and racial/ethnic backgrounds to answer high-impact questions including on state RML and use of lower prevalence drugs. For OYS/3GS, G1 parents and G2 men (currently ages 41–44 years) were involved since G2 were ages 9-10. The OYS men show high levels of substance use (est. 50% lifetime diagnoses for alcohol dependence or abuse and 50% prevalence of marijuana use in the mid 20s). G2 men, their G3 offspring, and G2 mothers were recruited to 3GS and followed from G3’s early childhood to (for earliest born G3) late adolescence. Specific Aims will be addressed through the collection and analysis of data that will expand the G3 sample size through adolescence in order to examine heterogeneity in growth of ATOD. Multiple indicators of ATOD in G2 and G3 have been and will be assessed to address intergenerational (IG) hypotheses related to IG congruence (similarities across generations in developmental patterns of ATOD use including onset, growth, and influences) versus discontinuity, and to heterogeneity in trajectories of use across adolescence. A dynamic developmental systems approach focusing on both general (e.g., externalizing) and substance-specific (e.g., parent marijuana use) risk factors will be used to trace developmental pathways to precursors (e.g., ATOD awareness), emergent behaviors (experimentation and onset), and regular and escalating ATOD use among individuals followed from early childhood to late adolescence. IG congruence versus discontinuity will be examined in relation to the transmission of contextual risk and problematic behaviors across three generations, and parenting behaviors and peer influences across two generations. Mediators and moderators of IG congruence will be examined, including parent and child gender and factors leading to IG amelioration versus worsening of ATOD use. Regarding RML, within- (pre- to post-RML) and between-child (living in/outside an RML state) effects on marijuana and other ATOD use will be examined, along with moderation of such effects by parent substance use history. The proposed study leverages 3 decades of NIH investment in IG studies to understand and disrupt the familial transmission of ATOD use problems, and quantify the public health impacts of state RML on adolescents from diverse backgrounds.